A/70/310 through systems based on complaints from unions, national human rights institutions, ombudspersons or civil society organizations, have been discussed but rarely put in place effectively: more work is needed. 58. States should also ensure that their judicial system is able to tackle labour exploitation issues in a competent and timely manner: as well as providing access to justice for individual migrants; strengthening the role of the judiciary helps to build respect for the overall rule of law in relation to labour recruitment. 59. Part of this monitoring and oversight is investment in effective data collection systems. An important step in a transition to an ethical system would be to include the gathering of disaggregated information about recruitment practices as an integral part of the development of metrics associated with the post-2015 sustainable development goals agenda. C. Filling gaps in the legal and policy framework 60. Above and beyond banning fees, the development and harmonization of the legal and policy frameworks relating to recruitment is needed to transition to a wholly ethical system. Reform should include the ratification and full implementation of all international human rights instruments, including the two 1966 International Covenants on Human Rights and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, as well as relevant labour standards, including the 1997 ILO Convention on Private Employment Agencies (no. 181), and soft law principles such as the Dhaka Principles. All of these standards apply to all migrants irrespective of their legal status and also include duties for States to protect individuals from third-party violations of their human rights. 61. Reform should include the abolition of sponsorship systems, the standardization of contracts for migrant workers and the legal requirement for recruitment agencies to formally establish relationships with subcontractors. 62. A key step in the development of the policy framework needed to implement legal reform would be the preparation of multi-stakeholder action plans. The development of country level and regional action plans on efforts to tackle exploitative and abusive recruitment practices could bring together the views of civil society organizations, Governments, the private sector, migrants, international organizations, and regional dialogues, in order to articulate a clear vision for an exclusively ethical system. Given the hugely complex nature of recruitment for international labour migration, such actions plans could play a vital role in improving policy coherence across the system. D. International and regional cooperation 63. International and regional cooperation is essential to transition to an ethical system as the playing field must be levelled in order to make progress. No one country will be able to end exploitative and abusive recruitment independently. In addition, as discussed above, the dynamics of the international political economy relating to recruitment practices make collective action vital. Sharing intelligence about unscrupulous recruiters among different countries in a systematic way which 15-13569 15/26