E/CN.4/1996/72/Add.1 page 17 and 12.05 per cent Black. 30/ In the State of Rio de Janeiro in 1993, "Judge Siro Darlan, responsible for juvenile delinquents in Rio de Janeiro, registered 1,152 violent deaths of minors, 60 per cent of which occurred in the town of Rio alone. The majority of the victims were Coloured male children". 31/ It is no easy matter to identify who is actually responsible for these murders, although members of the military or civilian police are suspected of belonging to death squads which are responsible for most of them. The investigation into the massacre at the Church of Candelaria, in Rio de Janeiro, in July 1993 revealed the involvement of police officers in child murders. 57. Another form of violence is sexual violence against adolescent girls, the vast majority of whose victims are of Black or mixed parentage. In 1990, the Children’s Department of the State of São Paulo estimated that 6 million girls, i.e. 15 per cent of Brazil’s adolescent population, had suffered sexual violence. This type of violence occurs at home or outside. Many minors are also prostitutes and are thereby exposed to violence. 58. Child labour is widespread and involves many children of Black or mixed parentage. In the South-east region, the percentage of children aged between 10 and 14 who work is as follows: White: 14.99 per cent; of mixed parentage: 19.96 per cent; Black: 20.56 per cent. 32/ These children are employed in agriculture and in a variety of workshops and factories. They also work as street vendors. 59. The problem of street children is rooted in poverty. They come from the poorest sectors of the population. It is among them that the highest numbers of AIDS victims are to be found. This is a deeply disturbing issue. I. Land ownership problems 60. Access to land ownership is a problem that affects Indians and Blacks descended from the founders of the quilombos. 33/ Indians face serious problems of discrimination, exclusion and extermination by colonists, the garimpeiros and madeireros (mineral prospectors and timber exploiters) who invade their lands. In 1993, there were 43 homicides, 85 attempted homicides and 600 cases of death threats. 34/ Indians are the victims of a policy of ethnic genocide which they combat almost unnoticed, although they wish to acquire their human rights and dignity. 61. The Government maintains that the Constitution contains provisions relating to the allocation of land to the indigenous populations. Within five years, all the areas which initially belonged to them will be allocated to them in accordance with the revised Constitution; the latter does not recognize indigenous people as minorities, but as indigenous populations. In response to the conflicts between them and the big companies, the Government has decided to define the boundaries of their lands and to regulate mineral exploitation. In order to protect the indigenous population, the Government monitors entry to and departure from the territories of the Amerindians, using aircraft which take photographs every six hours. In June 1995, 49 million hectares were assigned to the Indian communities; only 11 per cent of the national territory remains to be distributed.