5.
States shall take measures to create favourable conditions to enable persons
belonging to minorities to express their characteristics and to develop their
culture, language, religion, traditions and customs, except where specific
practices are in violation of national law and contrary to international
standards.
6.
States should take appropriate measures so that, wherever possible, persons
belonging to minorities may have adequate opportunities to learn their
mother tongue or to have instruction in their mother tongue.
7.
States should, where appropriate, take measures in the field of education, in
order to encourage knowledge of the history, traditions, language and culture
of the minorities existing within their territory. Persons belonging to
minorities should have adequate opportunities to gain knowledge of the
society as a whole.
Article 6
States should cooperate on questions relating to persons belonging to minorities, inter
alia, exchanging information and experiences, in order to promote mutual understanding
and confidence.
To begin with educational matters, Article 4.3 of the Declaration gives persons belonging
to minorities the right to have instruction in their mother tongue. Similarly, many human
and minority rights instruments and Peace Treaty of Lausanne state that, members of the
minority have the right to establish, manage and control their own schools and to use
their own language freely. But, as a result of the Greek governments’ continuous
interference in the educational issues of the Turkish Minority, the type of education
provided at Minority primary and secondary schools has gradually changed. That is,
minority education that was supposed to be private and autonomous has now a sui
generis character; it is a combination of private and public in which the impact of the
Minority over issues of education remains highly restricted, which fails to serve
fundamental educational needs.
The Greek state has put in force a number of laws, decrees and governmental decisions
regarding the minority education from nursery to secondary level. These regulations not
only contributed more to the improvement ofthe state language instruction (Greek) at
minority schools but also undermined the educational autonomy and increased the
weakness of the instruction of the Turkish curriculum.
Regarding bilingual primary education, as for the year of 2011 there were 188 minority
primary schools functioning across Western Thrace. In May 2011, this number decreased
to 174 with the decision of Ministry of Education, Lifelong Learning and Religious Affairs
that enabled combining schools across the country. However, the combination in Western