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supremacist, racist and xenophobic projects, especially the project of white
nationalism, and other extreme right-wing ideologies. This broadening of neo-Nazism
has made it more accessible, and by forging allegiances with other groups espousing
ideologies of racial hatred and superiority – including ideologies of white
nationalism – neo-Nazi groups have expanded their reach. As elucidated below,
political leaders and even government officials at the highest level have regrettably
been complicit in this expansion.
B.
Increased acceptance of neo-Nazi and related racism, xenophobia
and intolerance within mainstream discourses and forums
47. As was also highlighted in her report to the thirty-eighth session of the Human
Rights Council (ibid.), the Special Rapporteur expresses her deep concerns at the
growing presence of expressions of Nazism, neo-Nazism and fascism in politics
worldwide, especially in several European and North American countries. Neo-Nazi
groups today are emboldened by prominent populist leaders who share their beliefs
and espouse the same rhetoric as they do. Indeed, the rise of populism and, especially,
right-wing, nationalist populism has, in some countries, aided the popularity of
neo-Nazi ideologies and related racism, xenophobia and intolerance. Although many
nationalist populist leaders in Europe, North America and Australia formally disavow
neo-Nazi ideology, they nonetheless express support for racist and xenophobic tenets
that are premised on similar ideologies of racial superiority that are at the core of
neo-Nazi ideology. All theories of racial superiority, and all efforts to scapegoat
persons on the basis of their race, ethnicity, national origin, sexual orientation or
related status make the work of neo-Nazis easier. Even where neo-Nazis are not
formally included in Government, the presence therein of extreme right-wing
ideologues can have the effect of injecting into governance and political discourse the
very same ideologies that make neo-Nazism so dangerous.
48. Right-wing populism spreads and exploits antipathy towards ethnic, racial or
religious minorities by accusing these groups of having co-opted political elites for
their own advancement. Furthermore, as another Special Rapporteur has also noted,
in times of great, and ever increasing, social, political and economic anxiety in the
global North, it is among those who perceive themselves as the most marginalized
(including among white majorities) that such antipathy can gain easy traction. To
exploit the public’s dissatisfaction with, and fear and resentment of, the conditions of
the State and personal circumstances, right-wing populists adopt and advance
opinions and trends that are likely to fuel populist mobilization.
49. In sum, white supremacist and neo-Nazi ideologies have a symbiotic
relationship with right-wing populism, each strengthening the other. By adopting the
language and core ideas of these extreme ideologies, right-wing populists gain
political power by mobilizing these groups to vote for them. In turn, when populist
politicians gain mainstream success, white nationalist and neo-Nazi ideas become
more socially acceptable. Emboldened by seeing leaders sympathetic to their cause
in Government, white supremacists and neo-Nazis increasingly occupy public
platforms and recruit new members.
C.
Use of new technologies to further neo-Nazism and related racism,
xenophobia and intolerance
50. In her report to the thirty-eighth session of the Human Rights Council (ibid.),
the Special Rapporteur presented analysis on the use of new technologies to further
neo-Nazism and related racism, xenophobia and intolerance. She noted, with alarm,
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