A/68/283 global issues, recognizing the advantages of regulation at the international level, but despite the existence of legal frameworks on migration issues, a comprehensive framework for migration governance is still lacking. Certain aspects of migration are more frequently discussed at the bilateral and multilateral levels, such as the connections between migration and development. However, given that migration is in essence a fundamentally human phenomenon, the Special Rapporteur notes the need for an international migration governance regime strongly focused on human rights. 9. Thus, in the light of the upcoming High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development and the post-2015 development agenda, the Special Rapporteur decided to focus his report on examining global governance processes on migration, in particular with a view to analysing whether human rights are effectively included and mainstreamed therein. 1. The concept of global migration governance 10. Global governance has been defined as the norms, rules, principles and decision-making procedures that regulate the behaviour of states (and other transnational actors). 1 In the sphere of migration, governance assumes a variety of forms, including the migration policies and programmes of individual countries, inter-State discussions and agreements, multilateral forums and consultative processes, and the activities of international organizations, as well as relevant laws and norms. 2 11. Owing to the lack of a comprehensive framework, global migration governance is fragmented, with different institutional approaches and normative frameworks relating to specific aspects of migration, such as the human rights of migrants, smuggling of migrants, trafficking, refugees and asylum seekers, and labour migration. 2. Brief overview of developments relating to global migration governance 12. In 1990, the General Assembly adopted the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. Following its entry into force in 2003, a Committee to monitor its implementation by States was established. 13. In 1994, the International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo, included a chapter on international migration in its Programme of Action. 14. In 1999, the Commission on Human Rights created the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants. 15. In 2002, the Secretary-General, in his report entitled “Strengthening of the United Nations: an agenda for further change” (A/57/387), noted the need to take a more comprehensive look at the various dimensions of the migration issue. Subsequently, he set up a working group on migration, convened by his Special Adviser, Michael Doyle, as part of his proposals for strengthening the United Nations. __________________ 1 2 4/26 Alexander Betts, ed., Global Migration Governance (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011). Global Commission on International Migration, “Migration in an interconnected world: new directions for action” (2005). 13-42115