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in the information gathered by the Special Rapporteur, other than in the case
of a few specific sects such as the Protestant "shouters" sect. It is not
permissible to compel Muslims to do voluntary work and give alms and the call
to prayer must take place within the mosque. As far as Catholics are
concerned, mass is increasingly being celebrated in Chinese rather than in
Latin, or even in English for foreigners.
With regard to pilgrimages to Tibet, the CERA stated that exiled Tibetans
did not face any special obstacles and that there was a body specifically
responsible for taking charge of them.
Several persons with whom the Special Rapporteur spoke expressed
reservations about proselytizing by the Christian sects, for they considered
it to be irregular and likely to be in breach of the law, firstly because it
spread rumours which caused disorder (such as the announcement of the
apocalypse) and secondly, because it was not in accordance with Christianity.
However, it was emphasized that the solution lay not in arrests (unless the
law had been broken) but in properly educating and training clergy to meet the
needs of believers.
(v)
Religious education
a.
Number of teachers
The Special Rapporteur was informed that there were insufficient teachers
to train members of religious orders. This was due to the consequences of the
Cultural Revolution. Catholic representatives said that seminarists were
being sent abroad to solve the problem. Protestant representatives felt that
it was necessary to expand the training of lay preachers.
b.
Training for religious orders
The Special Rapporteur was informed that theology constituted the main
element of training for religious orders and that part of the curriculum was
devoted to international affairs and legislation. The theology classes were
taught by members of religious orders, whilst tuition in the other subjects
was provided by non-believers. In the case of Tibet, unofficial sources
reported that religious trainees had insufficient time to study theology since
they were overwhelmingly concerned with administrative problems, largely to do
with the necessity of ensuring that monasteries are self financing. The CERA
considered on the contrary that pressure of time did not affect the study of
theology. The Director-General of the Chinese Centre for Tibetan Studies said
that monks receiving training were a problem since some of them were
illiterate, having been sent to the monasteries at birth in order to ensure
their survival. A survey of monks at the Sera Monastery had apparently shown
that 78 of them were in fact illiterate and were therefore incapable of
acquiring the necessary theological knowledge.
c.
Religious education for the under-18s in schools and places
of worship
The authorities and religious representatives believed that religious
education could not be introduced in schools because of the policy of