A/HRC/48/75 del Progreso have created cooperatives that have allowed them to control the price of essential products, promote savings and investment through their savings cooperatives and improve trading conditions for some of their products. In the state of Morelos, four new indigenous municipalities have been created (Xoxocotla, Coatetelco, Hueyapan and Tetelcingo) that will be governed according to their customs and traditions, as have many towns in Chiapas, Guerrero, and other states. The challenges include organized crime, mining, logging, excessive water concessions, agroindustrial developments, tourism projects, airports, highways and the general imposition of development projects, inciting division, conflict and violence within the communities throughout Mexico. 59 In Argentina, several indigenous communities (Inchiñ Mapuche, Pikunche, Puelche and Malalweche) have established a political organization representing the Mapuche Nation People in the current province of Mendoza, with administrative responsibilities allowing them to respond to requests for community development, to survey territories and to have access to indigenous community property and health and intercultural education, among other things. 60 27. Some indigenous peoples are establishing their own energy enterprises. In New Mexico, United States, the Picuris Pueblo have “engaged in a collaborative venture with intertribal authorities and the federal Government to build a 1 MW solar panel to make them the “first 100 per cent solar-powered tribe in the United States”.61 Another example comes from a “cooperative venture of seven Sioux tribes in the Great Plains”, United States, with a production capacity of up to 2 GW “to increase access to electricity and funding for infrastructure projects”.62 V. Indigenous peoples defending and supporting their selfdetermination 28. A further expression of indigenous peoples’ self-determination, linked to participation and the development and maintenance of their own decision-making institutions, is through the indigenous-led protocols for free, prior and informed consent in North and Latin America, including in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Suriname and the United States. In Peru, protocols are in the process of being drafted.63 The protocols are an important tool in preparing indigenous peoples, States and other parties to engage in a free, prior and informed consent process, setting out how, when, why and whom to consult.64 29. There are many examples of indigenous peoples in all regions expressing their selfdetermination by dissenting or refusing to consent to development projects on their land, often availing themselves of the national courts. 65 In one recent example, in Australia, the Gomeroi peoples mobilized against two key projects, namely, the Shenhua mine near Gunnedah and the Santos CSG projects in the Pilliga Forest. They did so by refusing community consent through pre-approval processes, utilizing existing consultation procedures and litigation and engaging with private sector collaborators and community sector supporters.66 30. The Inuit Circumpolar Council adopted the Circumpolar Inuit Declaration on Sovereignty in the Arctic in 2009 and an Inuit Arctic policy in 2010, to acknowledge and recognize the right to self-determination of the Inuit peoples. They declared that Inuit were a united people, albeit living across a far-reaching circumpolar region in Canada, Denmark, the Russian Federation, the United States and Greenland, and that they should be recognized nationally and internationally as such. The Inuit Circumpolar Council promotes sustainable development and collaboration among Inuit businesses, and, in 2020, representatives from 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Submission from the Fundación para el Debido Proceso, Mexico. Submission from XUMEX. See A/73/176. Ibid. Submissions from the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs and Argentina. See A/HRC/39/62; and A/HRC/EMRIP/2010/2. See A/HRC/45/38; and A/HRC/39/62. Submission from Jumbunna. 9