(a) The International Covenant on Civil and Political Bights; (b) The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; (c) The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; (d) The Hague Convention IV on the Laws and Customs of War on Land; (e) The 1925 Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases and of Bacteriological Weapons; (f) The London Charter of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg; <g) The Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo; (h) The Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949; (i) The Charter of the United Nations; (j) The Convention on the Rights and Duties of Keutral States and Persons in Times of War on Land; (k) United Nations General Assembly resolution 95 (I) of 11 December 1946; (1) Appendix 2 in conjunction with article 107 of the Treaty establishing a European Defence Community; (m) United Nations General Assembly resolution 3314 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974; (n) The 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Convention; (o) The so-called "de Martens" clause; (p) The principle that civilian populations may never be targeted during military operations; (q) The principle that a distinction between civilian populations and combatants and between civilian and military targets be observed at all times; (r) The principle of proportionality; (s) The principle that violence which is liable to cause unnecessary suffering is to be avoided. 3.2 The author's defence was based on the argument that, by performing military service, he would become an accessory to the commission of crimes against peace and to the crime of genocide, as he would be forced to participate in the preparation for the use of nuclear weapons. In this -406-