lack of adequately trained staff in the Mongolian legal service has adversely affected efforts to reform the judiciary. 3. Principal subjects of concern 601. The Committee expresses its concern over the unclear position of the Covenant in Mongolian law. Measures undertaken so far to give effect to the Covenant have not gone far enough in providing judicial guarantees for each right recognized in the Covenant or towards ensuring that the Covenant can be invoked by individuals in a court of law. Similarly, the Committee is concerned about the continuing applicability of old laws and procedures which have not yet been revoked or replaced by new legislation providing guarantees and, in particular, establishing recourse procedures. With regard to a number of fundamental rights recognized in the Covenant, some requirements and limitations currently in force in Mongolian law are so broad and numerous as to restrict severely the effective exercise of such rights in actual practice. This is true, for example, in regard to the criteria for declaring a state of emergency; the criteria for refusing an application for an exit visa or passport; the requirement of prior permission for the holding of public meetings and the criteria for refusing such meetings; and the requirement that political parties be registered and the criteria for refusing registration. Additionally, the absence of adequate mechanisms to appeal against administrative decisions creates an uncertainty as to whether such fundamental rights as freedom of association, freedom of assembly and freedom of movement are fully enjoyed in actual practice. The Committee also expresses its concern over the exercise and application of the death penalty in Mongolia. Grounds for invoking the death penalty are currently too broad to be in conformity with article 6 of the Covenant and the number of executions for capital punishments is alarmingly high, 4. Suggestions and recommendations 602. The Committee recommends that the State party should ensure that the provisions of the Covenant be fully incorporated into domestic law and be able to be invoked in a court of law. The review currently in progress of present and proposed legislation, policies and administrative procedures should be based on the Covenant and other international human rights instruments in order to ensure that forthcoming changes will accord with the obligations of the State party under these instruments. In regard to the declaration of a state of emergency, the State party should ensure that applicable legislation is in conformity with the Covenant, particularly in regard to paragraph 2 of article 4. The Committee also emphasizes that the texts of the Covenant and the Optional Protocol should be widely publicized in order that the general public, the judiciary and the relevant agencies of the Government are made aware of the rights enshrined in the provisions of these instruments. Adequate training in human rights norms should be provided for attorneys and members of the judiciary as well as for police, prison and other security officials. In undertaking the implementation of these recommendations, the Committee suggests that the State party further avail itself of the Advisory Services and Technical Assistance Programme of the Centre for Human Eights. -143-