32
Sanapaná, Toba, Angaité, Toba Maskoy, and Guaná communities, are part of the
Maskoy Lengua (Enhelt-Enenlhet) linguistic family and have ancestrally occupied the
Paraguayan Chaco.24
73(6) When the proceedings for claiming the lands were commenced in 1991, the
Sawhoyamaxa Community was made up of the members of several indigenous
villages scattered in various cattle estates25 of the Chaco area, to the west of the
Paraguay river, and among which the most numerous ones were Masama Apxagkok
(Loma Porá Estate) and Elwátétkok (Maroma Estate).26
Statistics, Surveys and Censuses] of the Secretaría Técnica de Planificación de la Presidencia de la
República (Office of the Technical Secretary of State for Planning to the President of the Republic),
Paraguay, 2002, pages 21, 22, and 23, and book titled “Atlas de las Comunidades Indígenas in el
Paraguay” [Atlas of the Indigenous Communities in Paraguay],” Dirección General de Estadísticas,
Encuestas y Censos [Bureau of Statistics, Surveys and Censuses] of the Secretaría Técnica de Planificación
de la Presidencia de la República (Office of the Technical Secretary of State for Planning to the President of
the Republic), Paraguay, 2002. Volume II, pages 400 and 401.
24
Cf. book titled “II Censo Nacional Indígena de Población y Vivienda 2002. Pueblos Indígenas del
Paraguay. Resultados Finales” (II 2002 National Indigenous Population and Housing Census. Indigenous
Peoples of Paraguay. Final Results), Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y Censos (Bureau of
Statistics, Surveys, and Censuses) of the Secretaría Técnica de Planificación de la Presidencia de la
República (Office of the Technical Secretary of State for Planning to the President of the Republic),
Paraguay, 2002, pages 21, 22 and 23; book titled “Atlas de las Comunidades Indígenas in el Paraguay”
[Atlas of the Indigenous Communities in Paraguay],” Dirección General de Estadísticas, Encuestas y
Censos [Bureau of Statistics, Surveys and Censuses] of the Secretaría Técnica de Planificación de la
Presidencia de la República (Office of the Technical Secretary of State for Planning to the President of the
Republic), Paraguay, 2002. Volume II, pages 400 and 401, and anthropological report on the
“Sawhoyamaxa” Community of the Enxet People. Centro de Estudios Antropológicos of the Universidad
Católica “Nuestra Señora de la Asunción”, supra note 18.
25
Such villages are known as Masama Apxagkok, Elwátétkok, Ekpawamakxakyawok, Kello Ateg,
Elyepwaté Entengy´ak Enha, Xakmayohéna, and Nakte-Yannenpéna, and were located within the
following cattle ranches settled in the area: Loma Porá, Maroma, Diana, Naranjito, Menduca cué, Yakukay,
Ledesma, Santa Elisa, and Kilométro 16.
26
Cf. census of the Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community conducted by the IBR (Instituto de
Bienestar Rural) (Institute for Rural Welfare) on January 18, 1993 (case file of appendixes to the
complaint, appendix 10, folios 725 to 729); anthropological report on the “Sawhoyamaxa” Community of
the Enxet People. Centro de Estudios Antropológicos of the Universidad Católica “Nuestra Señora de la
Asunción”, supra note 18; census on the Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community conducted by the alleged
victims´representatives in 1997 (case file of appendixes to the complaint, appendix 4, folios 500 to 510);
official report to the President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Congress, to the Comisión de Derechos
Humanos y Asuntos Indígenas [Committee on Human Rights and Indigenous Affairs] and to the Comisión
de Ecología [Commission on Ecology] regarding the situation of indigenous peoples and forest cutting in
Chaco,” delivered on April 8, 1994, (case file of appendixes to the complaint, appendix 16, folios 1030 to
1039); request for recognition of the leaders of the members of the Maroma, Loma Porá, Ledesma,
Naranjito, Diana, Santa Elisa Garay, Santo Domingo and Kilómetro 16 villages filed before the INDI
(Instituto Nacional del Indígena) (Paraguayan Institute on Indigenous Affairs) on August 6, 1991 (case file
of appendixes to the answer to the complaint, appendix 1, folio 1300), and brief filed by the leaders of the
Maroma, Loma Porá, Ledesma, Naranjito, Diana, Santa Elisa Garay, Santo Domingo and Kilómetro 16
villlages before the IBR (Instituto de Bienestar Rural) (Institute of Rural Welfare) on August 6, 1991 (case
file of appendixes to the answer to the complaint, appendix 1, folio 1301).