CRC/C/CHN/CO/3-4 contact or other issues which have an important impact on the life and development of the child. Adoption 56. While the Committee notes that the State has made efforts in mainland China to combat unlawful adoptions, it is deeply concerned that thousands of children are estimated to be abducted, trafficked and sold every year, including for illegal adoption purposes. It is particularly concerned about reports that some family planning officials coerce parents to give up their children born in excess of the parents’ birth quotas, and sell them or transfer them into the care of local orphanages for domestic or international adoption or forced labour. The Committee is also concerned about the absence of information and public statistics, in particular regarding the number of children in mainland China reportedly sold into adoption for domestic and intercountry adoptions and the number of cases that have been investigated and prosecuted. 57. The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Urgently review the current mechanisms and procedures for domestic and intercountry adoption in all areas of the State party and ensure that professionals responsible for adoption cases are fully equipped with the expertise needed to assess, review and process cases, in a timely manner, in light of the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect of Intercountry Adoption; (b) Create a transparent and effective system for assessment and review of the adoption process in all areas of the State party; (c) Investigate all cases of abductions and unlawful adoptions of children in mainland China, including from hospitals and “orphanages”, and ensure that perpetrators of such crimes, including the government officials involved, are held accountable; (d) Establish a central data collection system to identify the number of children abducted, including for adoption purposes, and children who have been rescued and reintegrated into their families and communities in mainland China. F. Disability, basic health and welfare (arts. 6, 18 (para. 3), 23, 24, 26, 27 (paras. 1–3) of the Convention) Children with disabilities 58. With respect to mainland China, the Committee notes as positive the adoption of various policies that promote the rights of children with disabilities. However, it notes with concern that the State party continues to adopt a medical approach to disability and that the services for children with disabilities are centred mostly on institutions for physical “rehabilitation”. It is specifically concerned about: (a) The continued exception made to the one-child policy whereby families with a child with disabilities are allowed to have a second child, a policy which promotes stigmatization of children with disabilities; (b) The widespread stigma attached to children with disabilities and the multiple forms of discrimination they experience, including limited access to education, health care and social services; (c) The severe urban-rural disparity in the number of children with disabilities, and the high number of children with disabilities living in institutions, particularly in rural areas; 13