A/RES/71/234 Sustainable mountain development Welcoming the Paris Agreement 1 and its early entry into force, encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Recalling that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, inter alia, recognizes that developing countries with fragile mountainous ecosystems are among the countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, Recognizing the Sendai Declaration and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, 3 adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, the latter of which, inter alia, identifies a need for focused action in investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience, and in this regard considers it important to promote, at the national and local levels, the mainstreaming of disaster risk assessment, mapping and management into rural development planning and management of, inter alia, mountains, including through the identification of areas that are safe for human settlement, and at the same time preserving ecosystem functions that help to reduce risks, Recalling the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”, 4 Agenda 21, 5 the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) 6 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, 7 Recognizing that the benefits derived from mountain regions are essential for sustainable development and that mountain ecosystems play a crucial role in providing water and other essential resources and services to a large portion of the world’s population, Recognizing also that mountain ecosystems are highly vulnerable to the increasing adverse impacts of climate change, extreme weather events, deforestation and forest degradation, land-use change, land degradation and natural disasters, from which they recover slowly, and that mountain glaciers around the world are retreating and getting thinner, with increasing impacts on the environment, sustainable livelihoods and human well-being, Acknowledging that, despite the progress that has been made in promoting sustainable development of mountain regions and conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, the prevalence of poverty, food insecurity, social exclusion, environmental degradation and exposure to the risk of disasters is _______________ 1 See FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21, annex. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. 3 Resolution 69/283, annexes I and II. 4 Resolution 66/288, annex. 5 Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II. 6 Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex. 7 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27, annex, decision X/2, annex. 2 2/6