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legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
States opposed the strong language of the Article which
eventually was watered down by replacing the phrase ‘shall
obtain’ with ‘shall consult and cooperate … in order to
obtain their consent’ (final Article 19). See also original
Article 30 and final Article 32. With regard to the HRC, see,
for example, Ilmari Länsman et al. v Finland,
Communication No. 511/1992, UN Doc. CCPR/C/52/
D/511/1992 (1994), and Jouni E. Länsman et al. v Finland,
Communication No. 671/1995, UN Doc. CCPR/C/58/
D/671/1995 (1996). But see also Poma Poma v Peru, UN
Doc. CCPR/C/95/D/1457/2006, 24 April 2009, discussed in
the section of this guide ‘The HRC and the exploitation of
natural resources located in indigenous peoples’ lands’
(p. 34).
CERD, General Comment No. 23, The rights of indigenous
peoples, para. 4(d).
See, for example, Maya Indigenous Communities of the
Toledo District – Belize, supra 305, para. 142.
Ibid., paras 153, 194.
See Informe sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en
Ecuador, Capítulo IX, Asuntos de derechos humanos de
especial relevancia para los habitantes indígenas del país,
OEA/Ser. L/V/II.96 Doc. 10 rev. 1, 24 April 1999,
recomendaciones.
See Segundo Informe sobre la situación de los derechos
humanos en el Perú, Capítulo X, Los Derechos de las
Comunidades Indígenas, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.106 Doc. 59 rev., 2
June 2000, para. 39.5.
It is worth recalling that the ILO Convention equally applies
to indigenous and tribal peoples. The reference made to
indigenous peoples throughout these sections should
therefore not be intended as limiting the regime described
only to indigenous peoples.
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Spain,
and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
They are: (a) procedure for representations on the application
of ratified conventions; (b) procedure for complaints over the
application of ratified conventions; and (c) special procedure
for complaints regarding freedom of association.
Tomei, M. and Swepson, L., Indigenous and Tribal Peoples: A
Guide to ILO Convention No. 169, Geneva, International
Labour Office, 1996, pp. 18–19.
Governing Body, 273rd Session, November 1998,
Representation under Article 24 of the ILO Constitution, Peru,
GB.273/14/4, para. 30.
See, for instance, Governing Body, 299th Session, June
2007, Representation under Article 24 of the ILO
Constitution, Guatemala, GB.299/6/1, para. 45.
See Tomei and Swepson, supra 341, p. 19.
See ILO Governing Body, 282nd Session, November 2001,
representation under Article 24 of the ILO Constitution,
GB.282/14/2, para. 36.
CEACR, General Observation on Convention No. 169, 79th
Session, 2008, published 2009.
CEACR, Individual Observation concerning Indigenous and
Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) Bolivia, published
2006, para. 11.
CEACR, Individual Observation concerning Indigenous and
Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) Guatemala
(ratification: 1996), published 2007, para. 5.
At present, 168 states have ratified it.
See ILO, Eliminating Discrimination against Indigenous and
Tribal Peoples in Employment and Occupation: A Guide to
ILO Convention No. 111, Geneva, ILO, 2007.
See Lake Lubicon Band v Canada, UN Doc.
CCPR/C/38/D/167/1984 (1990), para. 32.2; Kitok v Sweden,
UN Doc. CCPR/C/33/D/197/1985 (1988), para. 9.2; General
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Comment No. 23: The rights of minorities (Art. 27), UN Doc.
CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.5, 8 April 1994, para. 7.
See, for instance, the Concluding Observations on: Chile, UN
Doc. CCPR/C/CHL/CO/5, 18 May 2007, para. 19; Brazil, UN
Doc. CCPR/C/BRA/CO/2, 1 December 2005; Thailand UN
Doc. CCPR/CO/84/THA, 8 July 2005; Honduras, UN Doc.
CCRP/C/HND/CO/1, 25 October 2006; Philippines, UN Doc.
CCPR/CO/79/PHL, 1 December 2003; Guatemala, UN Doc.
CCPR/CO/72/GTM, 27 August 2001; Guyana, UN Doc.
CCPR/C/79/Add.121, 25 April 2000; Norway, UN Doc.
CCPR/C/79/Add.112, 1 November 1999.
See Concluding Observations on: Brazil, UN Doc. CCPR/
C/BRA/CO/2, 1 December 2005, para. 6; and on Guyana,
UN Doc. CCPR/C/79Add. 121, 25 April 2000, para. 21.
See, in particular, Ilmari Lansman et al. v Finland, UN Doc.
CCPR/C/52/D/511/1992, 26 October 1994, para. 9.4ff;
Lansman et al. v Finland, CCPR/C/58/D/671/1995, 22
November 1996, para. 10.3ff; Apirana Mahuika et. al. v
New Zealand, CCPR/C/70/D/547/1993, 15 November 2000,
para. 9.5.
HRC, Concluding Observations on Panama, UN Doc.
CCPR/C/PAN/CO/3, 17 April 2008, para. 21.
UN Doc. CCPR/C/95/D/1457/2006, 24 April 2009, para. 7.4.
Ibid., para. 7.6
CERD, General Recommendation No. 23 on Indigenous
Peoples, UN Doc. A/52/18, Annex 8, 18 August 1997.
See, for example, Concluding Observations on: Guyana, UN
Doc. CERD/C/GUY/CO/14, 4 April 2006, para.16; and Brazil,
UN Doc. CERD/C/64/CO/2, para. 15.
Concluding Observations on Suriname, UN Doc.
CERD/C/64/CO/9, 2 March 2004, para. 12.
Concluding Observations on Guyana, UN Doc.
CERD/C/GUY/CO/14, 4 April 2006, para. 16.
USA, Decision 1 (68), UN Doc. CERD/C/USA/DEC/1, 11 April
2006 (Early Warning and Urgent Action Procedure ), para. 10.
See, for example, Concluding Observations on Ecuador, UN
Doc. CERD/C/62/CO/2, 21 March 2003, para. 16.
Ibid.
General Recommendation No. 23, supra 358, para. 4 (d).
CERD, Concluding Observations on Ecuador, UN Doc.
CERD/C/62/CO/2, 21 March 2003, para. 16. See also the
Concluding Observations on the United States, UN Doc.
CERD/C/USA/CO/6, 8 May 2008, para. 29.
Concluding Observations on Colombia, UN Doc.
CERD/C/304/Add.76, 20 August 1998, para. 16.
CERD, Concluding Observations on the United States of
America, UN Doc. CERD/C/USA/CO/6, 8 May 2008, para. 2.
See UN Doc. A/63/435, 28 November 2008.
See, for instance, Concluding Observations on Guatemala,
UN Doc. E/C.12/1/Add.93, 12 December 2003, paras 11, 29.
See, for instance, Concluding Observations on Finland, UN
Doc. E/C.12/CO/FIN/5, 18 May 2007, para. 11.
CESCR, Concluding Observations on Ecuador, UN Doc.
E/C.12/1/Add.100, 7 June 2004, para. 35.
CESCR, Concluding Observations on Brazil, UN Doc.
E/C.12/1/Add.87, 23 May 2003, para. 58.
See, for example, Concluding Observations on Nigeria, UN
Doc. CEDAW/C/NGA/CO/6, 18 July 2008, para. 35.
ACHPR/Res 51 (XXVIII) 00 Resolution on the Rights of
Indigenous Populations/Communities in Africa (2000).
Available at http://www.achpr.org/english/_doc_target/
documentation.html?../resolutions/resolution56_en.html
ACHPR/Res 65 (XXXIV) 03 Resolution on the Adoption of the
Report of the African Commission’s Working Group on
Indigenous Populations/Communities, http://www.achpr.org/
english/resolutions/resolution70_en.html
ACHPR/Res 51 (XXVIII) 00 Resolution on the Rights of
Indigenous Populations/Communities in Africa (2000), p. 92.
ILO/ACHPR, Overview Report of the Research Project by the
ILO and the ACHPR on the Constitutional and Legislative
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