A/79/160 brief to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the case of Pueblos Indígenas Tagaeri y Taromenane vs. Ecuador, underscoring States’ obligations to adhere to the precautionary, no-contact and intangibility principles. The Indigenous Peoples living in voluntary isolation and initial contact are protected under article XXVI of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has issued recommendations to address their rights. 21 12. The African Union Policy Framework for Pastoralism in Africa: Securing, Protecting and Improving the Lives, Livelihoods and Rights of Pastoralist Communities, of 2010, recognizes the rights of pastoralists, without explicitly mentioning Indigenous Peoples. It emphasizes transboundary cooperation, pastoralist land-rights systems and the interface between customary and State institutions. Other multilateral initiatives in Africa include the Economic Community of West African States transhumance regulations of 1998 and 2003; the Nouakchott Declaration on Pastoralism: mobilizing jointly an ambitious effort to ensure pastoralism without borders, of 2013; the N’Djamena Declaration on the Contribution of Pastoral Livestock to the Security and Development of the Saharo-Sahelian Areas, of 2013; and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development Transhumance Protocol, of 2020. 13. The European Union policy on Indigenous Arctic People along with the European Union Interreg Northern Periphery and Arctic programme provide support for Sami and Inuit culture, livelihoods and entrepreneurship, as well as a framework for cross-border contacts and programmes. 22 14. At the non-State level, the Dana Declaration on Mobile Peoples and Conservation was adopted in 2002 by scientists and representatives of mobile Peoples to protect biodiversity while furthering respect for the rights of Indigenous Peoples and was followed by the Dana+20 Manifesto of Mobile Peoples in 2022. The Manifesto specifically called upon the United Nations to publish a report on the situation of mobile Indigenous Peoples with specific recommendations for upholding their rights. 23 15. The Dana Declaration contributed to the formation of the World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples in 2003, at the fifth World Parks Congress of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The World Alliance advocates for the rights of pastoralists and other mobile Indigenous Peoples globally. Other relevant international grass-roots organizations include but are not limited to the Pastoralist Communication Initiative, the World Initiative for Sustainable Pastoralism, the League for Pastoral Peoples and Endogenous Livestock Development, the World Pastoralist Forum, ANDES, Saminuorra, the World Union of Indigenous Spiritual Practitioners and the International Working Group of Indigenous Peoples in Isolation and Initial Contact (GTI-PIACI). __________________ 21 22 23 24-13045 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Indigenous Peoples in Voluntary Isolation. EU Arctic Policy, 13 October 2021. Available at https://maritime-forum.ec.europa.eu/contents/eupolicy-indigenous-artic-people_en. See www.danadeclaration.org/dana-20-manifesto. See also Segovia Declaration of Nomadic and Transhumant Pastoralists (2007); Nyéléni Declaration of the International Forum for Agroecology (2015); Cancun Statement for the Promotion of Sustainable Pastoralism ( 2016); and Mera Declaration of Women Pastoralists (2010. 7/28