A/HRC/17/33/Add.2 family and other social security benefits. However, those working in the informal sectors, many of whom are African migrants, are excluded from the enjoyment of such benefits. An additional concern brought to the attention of the Special Rapporteur during this visit is the absence of mechanisms whereby families left behind by Senegalese working abroad are able to enjoy such social security benefits. 64. Pirogue migration seems to have become “a social phenomenon through which young Senegalese men could seek to restore a tarnished sense of dignity and manhood”.24 Since the 1980s, when emigration began to grow significantly, the figure of the emigrant has come to be seen as embodying economic success and social prestige and has become a social role model.25 There are Senegalese pop songs which celebrate the migrant as a modern hero. In this regard, during his visit the Special Rapporteur learned of many sensitization and information initiatives carried out by governmental and non-governmental actors in cooperation with international agencies such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM). For example in 2007 an awareness campaign in Senegal included television spots and messages from celebrities, such as the Senegalese singer Youssou N’Dour, warning of the dangers of irregular migration. In 2006, in Thiaroye-sur-Mer, 550 Senegalese women whose sons or husbands died at sea while trying to reach Europe joined together; through the Women’s Association against Irregular Migration they have conducted regular awareness-raising and information campaigns on the dangers of irregular migration through workshops, television shows and other media. B. Legislative challenges 65. Legislation and regulations governing the various aspects of migration and the human rights of migrants appear scattered, and are often not in conformity with international instruments and standards. 66. For instance, the Special Rapporteur was informed that in 2006, Law No. 02 (2005) on trafficking in persons and organized clandestine migration was applied by law enforcement officials and judges not only to arrest, prosecute and condemn traffickers but also to prosecute migrants who attempted the sea crossing towards Europe. Although this law - one of the first specific laws on these issues in West Africa - may represent a positive step in the fight against trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants, it poses challenges to the protection of the human rights of migrants. In fact the clauses, contrary to article 5 of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, do not provide for criminal immunity of migrants. Rather, they provide for the possibility to prosecute and condemn all persons over the age of 18 who knowingly contribute to the realization of the offence of clandestine migration. During this visit, the Special Rapporteur was informed that a new draft law has been elaborated but not yet adopted. It seems the Government aims at moving this legislation forward together with the reform of the Penal Code. 67. The provisions of the ECOWAS Treaty and its Protocols are not sufficiently integrated in the national law of the member States of the Community and are not effectively implemented. The Special Rapporteur, for example, learned during his visit that nationals of other States in the Community staying in Senegal more than 90 days should register with the relevant authorities. However, the authorities seem to accept that most of 24 25 Ibid., p. 37. Ibid. 15