A/HRC/RES/31/13 3. Takes note of the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities;5 4. Commends the Special Rapporteur on minority issues for the work undertaken in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 25/5 and for the important role that she has played in raising the level of awareness of and in giving added visibility to the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and for her guiding role in the preparation and work of the Forum on Minority Issues, which contributes to efforts to improve cooperation among all United Nations mechanisms relating to the rights of persons belonging to minorities; 5. Calls upon States to undertake initiatives to ensure that persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities are aware of and able to exercise their rights as set out in the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities and in other international human rights obligations and commitments, and recommends that all measures taken with a view to implementing the Declaration be, to the fullest extent possible, developed, designed, implemented and reviewed with the full, effective and equal participation of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities; 6. Urges States, while bearing in mind the theme of the eighth session of the Forum on Minority Issues, and with a view to enhancing the implementation of the Declaration and to ensuring the realization of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, including at all stages of the criminal justice process, to take appropriate measures by, inter alia: (a) Reviewing any legislation, policy or practice that has a discriminatory or disproportionately negative effect on persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, with a view to considering its amendment; (b) Ensuring that all individuals within their jurisdiction enjoy their human rights throughout the criminal justice system in accordance with international human rights law, including the right to a fair trial, the right to legal assistance, the presumption of innocence and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; (c) Promoting a composition of law enforcement bodies at the local, regional and national levels that reflects the diversity of the population, including by, as appropriate, fostering the recruitment, promotion and retention of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, male and female, by the police, the judiciary, prosecution services and prison personnel; (d) Developing awareness-raising and training initiatives, including for public officials, judges, prosecutors and law enforcement officials, on the rights of persons belonging to minorities and impartial and non-discriminatory application of the law; (e) Promoting access to mechanisms with the mandate and technical capacity to receive and consider complaints of discrimination, inter alia, against persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities in the criminal justice system; (f) Removing obstacles that prevent persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, including the most vulnerable within the community, such as women, children, persons with disabilities, older persons, those living in conditions 5 A/HRC/31/27. 3