E/CN.4/1995/91/Add.1
page 55
Other Pakistan citizens, who are Muslims, were allegedly affected
by the laws on blasphemy. According to the information received:
Akhtar Hammed Khan, an eminent writer and sociologist, 81 years of
age, who is known for his commitment to the deprived people of Orangi in
Karachi, launched a pilot development project on their behalf. Some
aspects of the project seeking to offer real estate loans on favourable
terms to the population and to improve the condition of women through
education and access to employment and to family planning, apparently
went down badly with local businessmen and the orthodox Muslim
authorities.
This eminent sociologist, it is alleged, was first charged with
blasphemy, after being reported by a former employee who had been
dismissed in 1988, in connection with an interview given to an Indian
journalist, the article concerning which was never published. The matter
was dropped by the Karachi police for lack of sufficient evidence. On
the other hand, extracts from the so-called article have been published
in the weekly organ of the conservative Jamaat-i-Islami party.
On 14 May 1990, similar accusations based on the above-mentioned
article were made against Mr. Khan by a religious leader from Multan and
confirmed on the basis of sections 298 A, 295 B and 295 C of the Pakistan
Penal Code. Mr. Khan was arrested a few months later and held briefly
before being released.
The third accusation of blasphemy stemmed from a children’s nursery
rhyme entitled ’The Lion and Anaq’, which was published by the Oxford
University Press in 1989. According to the person who lodged the
complaint against Mr. Khan on 19 March 1992, the nursery rhyme made
particular reference to the Holy Prophet and to the fourth caliph, thus
insulting the Prophet and Islam. Although the High Court of Sind granted
Mr. Khan release on bail, in the meantime his home was searched on
several occasions. Libellous articles and tracts were published about
him in the press or distributed to the population by the religious
leaders. He was then again arrested and held for short periods without
any arrest warrant, despite being supported by several publishers,
influential Pakistan citizens or human rights groups.
Abdullah Malik, a former journalist and well-known writer active
in political life, was the victim of a smear campaign carried out
recently by the press, denouncing the accounts of his pilgrimages to
Mecca during the last 20 years as blasphemous, ridiculing the writer
and calling him the ’Salman Rushdie’ of Pakistan.
Lastly, it is reported that several Pakistanis of the Christian
faith or converts to Christianity were also victims of the blasphemy
laws. In the cases mentioned by the Special Rapporteur in his report
in document E/CN.4/1992/52, namely those of Naimat Ahmer, Tahir Iqbal
and Gul Masih, the following information should be added regarding the
latter: he professes the Catholic faith, and comes from Sargodha,