26 • In bilingual Botswana, officials who deal with the general public usually communicate in Setswana, the language understood by most of the country’s population (about 78%), or English. To ensure efficient and cost-effective service delivery and public administration in areas where larger linguistic minorities are concentrated, languages such as Yeyi are used in the north-west. • In Australia, the use of computer-animated films depicting three-dimensional Aboriginal characters using indigenous languages has been described as ‘revolutionizing’ the delivery of important health care information to patients. • In the United Kingdom, legislation imposes on public health care providers an obligation to ensure that those who are not fluent in English can access their services ‘to fulfill equality of access and informed communication’. Local public health care providers therefore have in place, as far as is practical: bilingual medical staff, face-to-face interpreters, over-the-phone interpreting, printed translated medical information and website information, including documents and or videos. • The Mexican Ministry of Health has set up an Office for the coordination of indigenous health to provide health care in local languages, recognizing the need to include indigenous languages in the public health systems in order to provide effective and appropriate care. One positive measure was the establishment of the Hospital de las Culturas in 2010 in San Cristobal, Chiapas. • In Ethiopia, the authorities use the country’s main languages (Somali, Tigrigna, Oromifa and Harari), where speakers are concentrated, for services provided by regional government and institutions. • In India, which has 1.2 billion inhabitants and more than 400 languages, a proportional approach has resulted in the use of English and Hindi at the national level and the use of about 30 other languages by regional (state and territorial) governments. Even more, smaller, minority languages are used as the medium for instruction or in the provision of municipal and other local services where there are sufficient concentrations of speakers. • US federal equality legislation determines that ‘practicality’ for the use of minority languages such as Spanish, Chinese, Farsi or Vietnamese in federal services is 10,000 people or 5 per cent of the population in a census district. • Proportionality in Finland for a variety of public services is guaranteed in municipalities where at least 8 per cent of the population is Swedish or at least 3,000 people are members of a linguistic minority. For historical reasons both Swedish and Finnish are official languages at the national level. For the smaller indigenous Sami (about 7,500 Sami in the country), public health, social services and other information are provided in Sami in the traditional area where most live (the Sámiid ruovttuguovlu). • In Canada, what is reasonable or practicable for either official language (French or English) to be used for access to federal public services is generally deemed to be at least 5  per cent of the population in a census division (or 5,000 individuals in large cities). Other public services are provided where there are sufficient concentrations of Indigenous Peoples (Cree, Inuktitut, Micmac, etc.) or immigrants (Chinese, Vietnamese, Italian, Urdu, etc.). • A growing number of municipalities in Brazil use indigenous or immigrant languages, in addition to Portuguese, where these languages are spoken by a significant proportion of a municipality. In São Gabriel da Cachoeira, this means the municipal authorities must use four languages (Portuguese, Nheengatu, Tukano and Baniwa) in the provision of basic services, as well as public information and publicity campaigns in the media.