A/71/229 areas. Likewise, protected area authorities were encouraged to promote the conditions and ensure the means for the effective engagement of indigenous peoples, local communities and other local stakeholders in conservation. The Action Plan relating to the recognition and guaranteeing of indigenous peoples ’ rights set out three major targets: • All existing and future protected areas shall be managed and established in full compliance with the rights of indigenous peoples, mobile peoples and local communities • Protected areas shall have representatives chosen by indigenous peoples and local communities in their management proportionate to their rights and interests • Participatory mechanisms for the restitution of indigenous peoples ’ traditional lands and territories that were incorporated in protected areas without their free and informed consent shall be established and implemented by 2010. 42. Regretfully, these three Durban Action Plan targets are still far from being achieved. However, a number of steps have been taken by the IUCN community towards their achievement and new resolutions have been adopted by the World Conservation Congress, including the endorsement of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People in resolution 4.052 (2008), calling upon all IUCN members to apply it in their respective activities. At the World Parks Congress held in Sydney, Australia, in 2014, IUCN members reiterated in the “Promise of Sydney Vision” their commitment to working in partnership with indigenous peoples, recognizing their long traditions and knowledge and collective rights to land, water, natural resource and culture. 43. Considerable critique has nevertheless been raised that effective implementation of the new paradigm has been lagging and that new policies have been slow in transferring from paper to practice. 35 Leading conservation organizations have recognized their lack of progress. In 2009, IUCN and seven other international conservation NGOs launched the Conservation Initiative on Human Rights, with the aim of improving conservation policy and practice by promoting respect for human rights. 36 The conservation organizations that are members of the Initiative have all committed to four basic principles to guide integration of human rights in each organization’s policies and practices, including a commitment not to contribute to infringements of human rights. 37 44. In preparing the present report, the Special Rapporteur organized a consultation and invited the Conservation Initiative organizations to share information on their progress in advancing respect for indigenous peoples ’ rights. The responses showed overall positive developments and a strong awareness of the importance of building partnerships with indigenous peoples based on explicit __________________ 35 36 37 16/25 Forest Peoples Programme, “Conservation and indigenous peoples: assessing the progress since Durban”, 2008; Janis Bristol Alcorn and Antoinette G. Royo, “Conservation’s engagement with human rights: traction, slippage or avoidance?”, Policy Matters, No. 15 (July 2007). The Conservation Initiative on Human Rights is a consortium c onsisting of Birdlife International, Conservation International, Fauna and Flora International, International Union for Conservation of Nature, The Nature Conservancy, Wetlands International, Wildlife Conservation Society and World Wildlife Fund. Conservation Initiative, “Human rights in conservation” (see footnote 33). 16-13163