A/HRC/44/42 (i) Provide accessible information for migrants, including in countries of origin prior to their departure, on their right to freedom of association, and provide assistance services for migrants with vulnerabilities, including migrant women and domestic migrant workers, to ensure that they can better understand their right to freedom of association and navigate relevant processes and procedures more effectively; (j) Strengthen civil space and create an enabling environment for civil society organizations, including those working on migration and migrants’ rights issues. While the formation of an association with legal personality may require certain formalities, rules on association should facilitate the registration, work and funding of civil society organizations, the process should be simple, practical and free from undue State restrictions and interference. Registration procedures should also be accessible to migrants, including those in an irregular situation; (k) Provide accessible information for migrants on existing migrant associations and civil society organizations that can provide them with advice or assistance; (l) Ensure that criminal justice laws are not misused to punish migrationrelated humanitarian acts or to harass civil society organizations that work with migrants; (m) Guarantee that administrative and law enforcement officials are adequately trained with regard to the respect of the right of migrants, including those in an irregular situation, to freedom of association, particularly in relation to their specific protection needs; (n) Ensure that migrants’ visa or residence permits are not linked to individual employers and that a migrant’s authorization to remain in the country of destination is not tied to his or her employer’s good will, as a means to safeguard migrant workers’ right to freedom of association; (o) Ensure migrants’ work visa or permits are issued with no effective restrictions on the migrant workers’ right to freedom of association, including to form and join trade unions; (p) Ensure that all legislation concerning smuggling and trafficking has humanitarian exemptions applicable to persons and organizations that conduct humanitarian assistance or provide aid to migrants without criminal intent; (q) Limit immigration detention to the shortest possible period of time when it is resorted to as an exceptional measure, while ensuring that migrants held in detention have open and confidential access to visitors and telephone calls and that sufficient private spaces are available within detention facilities. 18