A/HRC/48/77 governance. Participating States also reaffirmed, in paragraph 94 of the Declaration, that the stigmatization of people of different origins by acts or omissions of public authorities, institutions, the media, political parties or national or local organizations was not only an act of racial discrimination but could also incite the recurrence of such acts, thereby resulting in the creation of a vicious circle that reinforced racist attitudes and prejudices and required universal condemnation. V. Conclusions and recommendations 114. The Special Rapporteur recommends that Member States take concrete actions to combat and prevent manifestations of antisemitism in accordance with international human rights standards, and provide effective remedies to those who have experienced antisemitic human rights violations. 115. She urges States to comply fully with their obligations as enshrined in article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and reiterates her encouragement to those States that have made reservations to article 4 of the Convention to withdraw those reservations and commit to the obligation to tackle hate speech and incitement to violence. 116. The Special Rapporteur also urges States to take concrete actions to ensure the full and effective implementation and dissemination of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action. 117. She reiterates her recommendation that Member States should implement the concrete recommendations that other United Nations bodies, especially the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, have made pertaining to combating racist and xenophobic expression. 118. The Special Rapporteur would like to stress the importance of reliable disaggregated data and statistics on racist, xenophobic and antisemitic crimes. The collection of data regarding the ideological affiliations of perpetrators, as well as the identity of victims, in cases involving suspected or alleged hate crimes is vital for understanding the prevalence of hate incidents and for designing measures to combat them. Data are also vital for monitoring racist crimes and assessing the impacts of measures taken to address such crimes. A lack of consistent and reliable reporting on antisemitic violence and other hate incidents is an issue in almost every country examined, and official statistics are often much lower than those reported by nongovernmental organizations, which allow direct reporting on the Internet. The discrepancy between official data and unreported incidents reveals the need for more comprehensive, accessible, safe and dependable networks for reporting antisemitic violence. Civil society must continue and strengthen its role in collecting data and working with victims, who may not feel safe reporting incidents to authorities. 119. The Special Rapporteur highlights the need to develop and implement effective, inclusive and comprehensive frameworks complemented by other means to combat racism. In this regard, collaboration with civil society and international, regional and national human rights mechanisms can reinforce the efforts to counter antisemitism and extremist movements and groups, including neo-Nazis. In particular, civil society can play a vital role in collecting information on racist crimes, working with victims and raising awareness. The Special Rapporteur encourages robust coordination between governmental structures and civil society entities to amplify efforts to develop and implement relevant legislation and policies. 120. Member States must take urgent and active measures to ensure that educational systems develop the content necessary to promote truthful accounts of the past and to promote tolerance and other international human rights principles. 19