A/80/205 of the “average” migrant worker, alleging that certain practices can be carried out only by those on missionary or religious-worker visas. 56. Mandate holders have previously noted the poverty suffered by people on the move, given their insecure, low-paid or lack of employment, where such disadvantages are exacerbated and their access to basic services is limited due to their religion or belief, for example as Muslims. Such poor living conditions, violations of labour rights and fear of deportation considerably heighten vulnerability to human rights violations, including sexual abuse. 91 Such contexts of “exclusionary practices and policies may cause ‘coercive assimilation’” by placing migrants and people on the move “under pressure to conform with majoritarian norms and values or hide their identity”. 92 57. The provisions of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families apply to all migrant workers and members of their families “without distinction of any kind such as … religion or conviction”. 93 Under the Convention, the right to freedom of religion or belief of migrant workers and their families, including the right “to have or to adopt a religion or belief of their choice and freedom either individually or in community with others and in public or private to manifest their religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching”, is protected. 94 Also under the Convention, mirroring the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, migrant workers and their families are protected against coercion that would impair their freedom to have or adopt a religion or belief of their choice, the gro unds for any limitations on manifestation of religion or belief are stipulated, and the rights of parents and/or legal guardians to ensure the moral and religious education of their children in conformity with their own convictions are guaranteed. Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment against migrant workers and members of their families are prohibited. 95 58. In communications under the mandate 96 and Human Rights Committee jurisprudence, reference has been made to expulsions on account of religious activity, with residency revoked on the grounds that the person concerned was not registered as a foreign missionary. The Committee concluded that the person concerned was engaged in activity protected by article 18 (1), under which all members of a religious congregation, not only missionaries, and not only citizens, were protected; that the harsh consequences for the person concerned, who was facing de portation, amounted to a limitation his right to manifest his religion; and that no legitimate basis for limiting that right under article 18 (3) had been identified by the State Party. 97 IV. Good practices by civil society and faith-based organizations 59. The examples below indicate how a range of entities around the world are working to ameliorate the plight of persons on the move and to address the widespread de-emphasis, sidelining or denial of their freedom of religion or belief. Such examples serve as inspiration of what more can be done. __________________ 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 25-11829 A/HRC/46/30, para. 33. Ibid., para. 34. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, arts. 1 (1) and 7. Ibid., art. 12. Ibid., art. 10. See communications JOR 3/2014, KAZ 1/2014, TUR 14/2020 and UZB 6/2012. CCPR/C/112/D/2131/2012, para. 9.4. 15/23