2. Collect disaggregated baseline data to
inform the CCA drafting: there is often
a lack of attention to minority issues in
existing data and analysis. The CCA/UNDAF
Guidelines require that, “Particular attention should be paid to disaggregation of
data [including by sex, language, religion
and ethnicity] and to any research that
reflects the situation and views of people
who suffer from discrimination” (2009,
paragraph 45). Even where government-led
analytical work is preferred over drafting a
CCA, the Guidelines still urge the following:
indicators, baselines and targets for minority
groups. It is not sufficient to list generalized indicators and results. According to
the Guidelines:
“Averages hide disparities thus hindering
the identification of discrimination such
as gender and racial discrimination,
so indicators must be specific to the
change expected, and to the subject of
change, either the rights holder or the
duty-bearer. This means disaggregation
- as much as necessary - by sex, age, ethnicity, language, urban and rural areas”
(emphasis added) (2009, paragraph 113).
Identify hidden trends in the data on
excluded groups.
Where there are clear indicators and targets
for minority groups, this will reinforce confidence in national development processes
and provide them with additional leverage
to hold governments to account for minority
rights obligations. Using a human rightsbased approach, these indicators and
targets should be linked to minority rights.
Identify disparities that suggest unequal
treatment and the possibility of discrimination.
Help partners to conduct more detailed
causality analysis, to identify the root
causes that contribute to multiple problems. (2009, paragraph 36)
Fully disaggregated data may be hard to
find. If this data is missing, new data collection and analysis could be commissioned to
provide a fuller picture of development in
the country.
3. Systematically review the UNDAF to
ensure that minority related issues raised
by the CCA are addressed with programme
interventions: in some cases, minorities are
mentioned in the CCA but this fails to translate into responses under the UNDAF. The
situation of minorities that is systematically
analyzed in the CCA can be responded to
with relevant interventions elaborated in
the UNDAF.
4. Adopt disaggregated monitoring tools
and targets for the UNDAF: the monitoring
and evaluation framework and the results
matrix of the UNDAF both can reflect specific
The Guidelines instruct that any CCA should
“Identify patterns of discrimination and
inequality, and describe the situation of
groups excluded and made vulnerable
due to the denial of their rights” (2009,
paragraph 30). This could be achieved
by verifying:
Is data sufficiently disaggregated (e.g.
by gender, ethnicity, region, religion
and language, as well as disability,
HIV/AIDS and other status) to identify
excluded groups?
What are the priorities?
Are the root causes identified?
Does the analysis describe patterns of
discrimination and the different ways
that females and males experience
these problems? (2009, Annex 2)
Chapter 5: Programming Opportunities and Relevant Strategies
75