session, when a one-hour meeting is devoted to each State under review, UN entities and stakeholders, including national human rights institutions and NGOs, have the opportunity to make interventions. UN entities may facilitate local access to the UPR meetings (webcast by the UN) by convening targeted or inclusive public screenings. In the follow-up phase, UN entities can provide support by, inter alia, ensuring the translation (including in minority languages) and broad dissemination of UPR documents, encourage/facilitate the use of the recommendations, including on minority issues, by all relevant actors at the national level, and consider UPR documentation when preparing UN planning instruments, including CCA/ UNDAFs and agencies’ specific programmes.63 for Human Rights may play a mediation and diplomacy role in situations that may escalate into conflict by encouraging dialogue among the parties concerned. Second, CERD has established an early warning mechanism to draw the attention of its members to situations where racial discrimination has reached alarming levels. The Committee has adopted both early warning measures and urgent procedures to prevent as well as to respond more effectively to violations of ICERD. 11.11 UN EARLY WARNING MECHANISMS (EWMs) Early warning mechanisms have been set up to prevent, inter alia, racial, ethnic or religious tensions from escalating into conflicts. Three types of provisions for EWMs established by the UN should be mentioned in the context of minority protection. First, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights is mandated to monitor and prevent human rights violations. In carrying out its mission, OHCHR gives priority to addressing the most pressing human rights violations, both acute and chronic, particularly those that put life in imminent peril. OHCHR responds to emerging human rights crises by anticipating and responding to deteriorating human rights situations across the globe, including through fact finding missions and commissions of inquiry that investigate serious allegations of human rights abuses. The UN High Commissioner 63 For more information on the Universal Periodic Review see www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRMain.aspx (accessed 9 August 2009). Chapter 11: UN Standards and Mechanisms 159