Tool 7. (continued) Security and Violence Land and Property Subject Early Warning Monitoring Possible Indicators Data sources Do minorities have full protection of their property and land rights, in law and in practice? Has there been historic eviction of minorities from their homes? Where there have been evictions, are there effective mechanisms to address this, providing restitution and/or compensation? Are the displaced people integrated into new homes where they can make a viable living and maintain their identity? Do minorities have equal access to water and arable land? Are important sites to religions and groups protected? • Lack of legal tenure for land and property of minority groups. • Involuntary displacement of minority groups from their land or property, including without compensation. • Displacement of minorities to land less arable, subject to environmental degradation or with poor access to water resources. • Destruction, seizure of desecration of sites of culture and religious significance to minority groups. • New or existing legislation • UN Treaty Body reports • NHRI reports • Dialogue with minority groups Is hate speech tolerated against minorities, especially in the media and education? Is violence common against minorities? Is there any rule of law for minorities – do police protect them and arrest those who are violent towards them? Do minorities feel safe? Do minorities perceive increasing levels of inter-ethnic tension? • Systematic and widespread use and acceptance of speech or propaganda promoting hatred and/or inciting violence against minority groups, particularly in the media. • Grave statements by political leaders/ prominent people that express support for affirmation of superiority of a race or an ethnic group, dehumanize and demonize minorities, or condone or justify violence against a minority. • Violence or severe restrictions targeting minority groups perceived to have traditionally maintained a prominent position, for example as business elites or in political life and state institutions. • Serious patterns of individual attacks on members of minorities by private citizens which appear to be principally motivated by the victims’ membership of that group. • Development and organization of militia groups and/or extreme political groups based on a racist platform. • Existence of proactive communities abroad fostering extremism and/or providing arms. • Media reports, including minority language or minority group media outlets • UN Treaty Body reports • NHRI reports • Public statements of government officials and political leaders • Records of police arrests and incarceration of members of minority groups • Records of prosecution for crimes committed against minorities • Dialogue with minority groups • Ethnic Distance surveys Chapter 10: Monitoring and Evaluation Tools 145