TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Foreword Acknowledgements Acronyms and Abbreviations i iii v xi Introduction Main objectives For whom? How to use? xiii xiii xiii xiii Chapter 1: Minorities in Development: Making the Argument 1.1 How are minority issues important for development? 1.2 Why is it important for UNDP to address minority issues? 1.3 What steps can UNDP take to respond to minority issues? 1 1 2 3 PART ONE: MINORITY PROTECTION: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND PRINCIPLES Chapter 2: Conceptual Issues  2.1 Who are minorities? 2.2 Numerical size and demographics 2.3 ‘Old’ and ‘‘new’’ minorities, citizens and non-citizens 2.4 Minorities and indigenous peoples 2.5 Diversity within minority groups 2.6 Minorities exist across borders  7 7 9 9 11 13 14 Chapter 3: Fundamental Rights and Principles  3.1 What are minority rights and minority protection? 3.2 Recognition  3.3 Protection of existence 3.4 Protection and promotion of identity 3.4.1 Education rights and identity 3.4.2 Limits on promotion of identity 3.5 Non-discrimination and equality 3.6 Effective participation  3.7 Responsibilities of minorities 15 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 24 26 PART TWO: MINORITIES IN DEVELOPMENT: PROGRAMMING OPPORTUNITIES AND RELEVANT STRATEGIES Chapter 4: Minorities in Development  4.1 Meeting UNDP’s objectives: minorities and UNDP practice areas 4.2 Poverty reduction and the MDGs  4.2.1 Reducing poverty for minorities 4.2.2. Achieving the MDGs for all 4.3 Democratic governance 4.3.1 Access to justice 4.3.2 Political participation of minorities 4.4 Crisis prevention and recovery  4.5 Environment and energy for sustainable development 4.6 HIV/AIDS 31 31 31 31 34 45 46 51 55 64 69 vii