Crimeans, in particular in the rural areas, were equally struggling to cope. The decision was made to adjust the project strategy in order to address the needs of all communities, paying special attention to the promotion of tolerance and integration. The CIDP was redesigned to address root causes of the inter-ethnic tensions. The individual interventions were targeted to:     promote local governance through communal and social development in multi-ethnic communities of Crimea by helping people to organize themselves; support self-help initiatives; bring community organizations and local authorities closer together in dialogue and decision-making; encourage civil society organizations to identify and articulate their own priorities in local development plans and to pool financial and material resources in order to realize these plans. Community-based organizations have been encouraged to identify and articulate their own priorities in local development plans and to pool financial and material resources in order to realize these plans. In all of its actions, CIDP is applying a bottom-up and participatory approach that maximizes participation of villagers and communities in local planning and decision-making processes in a way that is inclusive of all ethnic groups, transparent and responsive to people’s needs. By facilitating collaboration between people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds for the improvement of their own living conditions and by bringing local communities, social service providers and their authorities closer together, CIDP promotes the participation of disenfranchised communities of Formerly Deported People (FDPs) in society as full citizens. At the same time these activities are successful in raising understanding and awareness with local 86 authorities and other groups of society about the specific needs of FDPs as well as the opportunities they bring to Crimean society. Among the main types of projects under CIDP framework are: Support to community-led initiatives: Community initiatives include small-scale drinking and irrigation water supply systems, small health posts, community pre-school facilities, community centres, youth clubs, sports facilities, women’s centres, and small community savings funds to finance such activities as school transportation or to establish revolving credit schemes. Capacity-building for local authorities: CIDP implements capacity building initiatives to support the local authorities of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (ARC) in the preparation of strategic plans by providing trainings and consultations; and in the preparation and adoption of a comprehensive legal/policy framework institutionalizing the best practices of community initiatives. Human Security & Conflict Management Policy: UNDP, in consultation with the government, established a “Human Security and Development Monitoring System”, which contains basic elements of an Early Warning System while providing broader information on many aspects of human security. The system was designed with the participation of government, civil society and representatives of ethnic groups. The tool helps to accurately measure and analyze to what extent policies are effective in improving living conditions in Crimea and if these improvements are matched by people’s perceptions about their quality of life. Tolerance education initiatives: Schools are ethnically mixed and influence how children of different ethnic backgrounds relate to each other. The project supports community projects in schools that involve all M A R G I N A L I S E D M I N O R I T I E S I N D E V E LO P M E N T P R O G R A M M I N g