A/CONF.189/PC.2/22 page 20 (c) Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989 65. This treaty, relatively more precise, establishes the interdependence between education and culture. Article 29, paragraph 1 (c), specifies that education must aim at the “development of respect for the child’s parents, his or her own cultural identity, language and values, for the national values of the country in which the child is living, the country from which he or she may originate, and for civilizations different from his or her own”. The human groups covered by article 29, paragraph 1 (d), are apparently wider than those referred to in previous instruments, for it makes the purpose of education “the preparation of the child for responsible life in a free society, in a spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance, equality of sexes, and friendship among all peoples, ethnic, national and religious groups and persons of indigenous origin” (author’s emphasis).70 While reproducing the negative wording of article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 30 of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child applies it to children of indigenous origin or belonging to minorities, who may not be denied the right to have their own cultural life, to practise their religion or to use their own language. This article does not specially target education, but the nature of the rights proclaimed in it and a parallel reading with paragraph 1 (c) of the above cited article 29 assigns school education a decisive role in the protection and promotion of those children’s own identity and in respect for the values of the majority. (d) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 66. Article 10 of this instrument enumerates the measures that States parties must take in the field of education; paragraph (c) reads as follows: “The elimination of any stereotyped concept of the roles of men and women at all levels and in all forms of education by encouraging co-education … and, in particular, by the revision of textbooks and school programmes and the adaptation of teaching methods”. (e) Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, 18 December 1992 67. The Declaration on the Rights of Minorities gives the content of education an intercultural dimension, but without expressly using the term, so as to include “knowledge of the history, traditions, language and culture of … minorities” and of “society as a whole” (art. 4, para. 4). (f) Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, 25 November 1981 68. Without specifically mentioning school education, this Declaration stipulates that the child “shall be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance … [and] respect for freedom of religion or belief of others …”, and seems to indicate that this is the responsibility of society as a whole (art. 5, para. 3).