CRC/C/CHN/CO/2 page 9 48. The Committee urges the State party, in all areas under its jurisdiction: (a) To explicitly prohibit by law corporal punishment in the family, schools, institutions and all other settings, including penal institutions; (b) To expand public education and awareness-raising campaigns, with the involvement of children, on alternative non-violent forms of discipline in order to change public attitudes about corporal punishment. 4. Family environment and alternative care Children deprived of family environment 49. The Committee welcomes efforts made by the State party, in particular the adoption of the Standards for Social Welfare Institutions for Children in 2001, for the mainland. However, it remains concerned at the significant number of children abandoned on the mainland and the large number of children living in institutions. It regrets the lack of precise statistical data on the number of children entering and leaving such institutions. 50. The Committee is deeply concerned that existing quotas for persons entering the Hong Kong and Macau SARs from the mainland and regulations regarding the right of abode in the SARs contribute to the separation of children from their parents and hinder family reunification. 51. The Committee recommends that in mainland China, the State party: (a) Continue its efforts to improve alternative care for children deprived of a family by replicating and expanding successful models such as foster care and domestic adoption throughout the mainland; (b) Develop effective strategies to prevent the abandonment of children, which include early identification of families and children at risk and the possibility for social workers to intervene and help families directly; (c) Ensure that children, if transferred to an institution, are integrated into small groups and individually cared for in a family-like environment; (d) Ensure that all forms of alternative care meet quality standards in conformity with the Convention by establishing an effective monitoring mechanism which includes a periodic review of each placement in accordance with article 25 and a complaints mechanism accessible to children, and by ensuring that all institutions, programmes and services have properly trained and accredited staff; (e) Ensure that all deaths of children in alternative care are properly documented and investigated, and that appropriate follow-up actions are taken when necessary.