Rights of the child A/RES/68/147 48. Also calls upon all States to respect, protect and fulfil the rights of children in emergency situations, including natural disasters, in particular their right to food, safe drinking water and sanitation, education, emergency health care, family reunification, protection and trauma relief; Children and the administration of justice 49. Recalls the validity and importance of international standards and norms in the field of human rights in the administration of juvenile justice, including the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, 39 the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, 40 the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, 41 the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, 42 the Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime 43 and the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Noncustodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), 44 and calls upon all States: (a) To abolish, by law and in practice, as soon as possible, the death penalty, life imprisonment without possibility of release, emotional or physical violence or any other humiliating or degrading treatment for those under 18 years of age at the time of the commission of the offence, and invites States to consider repealing all other forms of life imprisonment for offences committed by those under 18 years of age; (b) To immediately commute such sentences and to ensure that any child previously sentenced to the death penalty or life imprisonment without possibility of release is removed from special prison facilities, especially from death row, and transferred to regular institutions of detention appropriate for the age of the offender and the offence committed; 50. Encourages States to develop and implement a comprehensive juvenile justice policy to protect and address the needs of children in contact with the law, with a view to promoting, inter alia, crime prevention programmes, the use of alternative measures, such as diversion and restorative justice, and ensuring compliance with the principle that deprivation of liberty of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time, as well as to avoid, wherever possible, the use of pretrial detention for children; 51. Urges States to take special measures to protect children in contact with the law, including by means of the provision of adequate legal assistance, training in juvenile justice for judges, police officers, prosecutors and specialized lawyers, as well as other representatives who provide other appropriate assistance, such as social workers, the establishment of specialized courts, as appropriate, the promotion of universal birth registration and age documentation and the protection of the right of juvenile offenders to maintain contact with their families through correspondence and visits, save in exceptional circumstances; _______________ 39 Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments, Volume I (First Part), Universal Instruments (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.XIV.4 (Vol. I, Part 1)), sect. J, No. 34. 40 Resolution 45/112, annex. 41 Resolution 40/33, annex. 42 Resolution 45/113, annex. 43 Economic and Social Council resolution 2005/20, annex. 44 Resolution 65/229, annex. 13/19