Guidelines to Assist National Minority Participation in the Electoral Process • Page: 40 Observe Campaign As part of the regular observation of the election campaign, the EOM should incorporate consideration of national minorities into the methodology. Important questions, which parallel the basic campaign methodology, include: - • Was there freedom of movement and assembly in minority areas? Or, were voters prevented from attending meetings or were parties and candidates prevented from moving around their electoral districts and organising meetings? Are national minority associations and parties allowed to use public facilities during the campaign? Can national minorities print and display campaign posters publicly? Can they print these posters and campaign in the minority language? Was there any anti-minority campaigning or intimidation by other groups or the authorities, possibly attempting to incite hatred. Assess Impact of Electoral System and Constituencies on National Minorities Through meetings with national minority representatives and by analysing the election results, an EOM should be able to ascertain whether the election system and drawing of election constituencies has had an impact on minority representation. Important factors to consider are: - Have minorities secured representation? If yes, to what extent is it comparable to their proportion of the population? Are the constituencies containing minorities drawn in a way that serves to minimise or exclude minority representation? Are constituencies drawn across natural demographic borders, in that a national minority population is divided and therefore subsumed by the majority population in constituencies? Based on the number of registered persons per constituency, are national minorities underrepresented by having larger numbers of voters in their constituencies than in others? Is any consideration given to nomadic citizens? V. • ROLE OF LONG-TERM OBSERVERS (LTOs) Framework Established by Core Team The EOM Core Team should include national minority issues and questions as part of the analytical framework for LTOs. This will include: - Incorporating above questions and issues into LTO briefing materials, including: ! list of relevant persons / organisations for LTOs to meet, such as election commissions, political parties / candidates, national minority representatives, civil society groups, media