A/71/317 has been destroyed, including their right to take part in cultural life and to enjoy their intangible cultural heritage; (j) Also recognize that parties to conflicts as well as international and national criminal courts should interpret narrowly any military necessity exception to the ban on targeting cultural property, taking into consideration the impact on cultural rights; and should subject to close scrutiny all military decisions resulting in the destruction of or damage to cultural heritage, while acknowledging that public accountability for those decisions is essential; (k) Respect the rights of cultural heritage professionals and other defenders of cultural heritage on the front lines of the struggle against intentional destruction; and ensure their safety and security, while recognizing that everyone has a duty to respect the rights of cultural heritage defenders and anyone alleged to have harmed them must be brought to justice in accordance with international standards; (l) In accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 31/32 on protecting human rights defenders, whether individuals, groups or organs of society, addressing economic, social and cultural rights, respect, protect, promote and facilitate the work of those defending cultural rights, recognizing that those who work to promote access to cultural heritage, and to preserve and safeguard it, in accordance with international human rights norms, should be considered human rights defenders; (m) Work at the national and international levels to provide cultural heritage professionals and other cultural heritage defenders with the conditions necessary to complete their work, including material and technical assistance; and preserve and strengthen institutions designed to preserve cultural heritage, including in situations of conflict; (n) Grant asylum to at-risk cultural heritage professionals and defenders when necessary; and ensure that displaced cultural heritage professionals are able to continue their professional work and training in exile and to take part in the protection and reconstruction of their country’s cultural heritage; (o) Expedite the issuance of visas and assist scholars and heritage professionals based in conflict areas with regard to travel so as to enable them to sustain the knowledge of their cultural resources and to access best practice, advice and support; (p) Tackle, in accordance with international standards, extremist and fundamentalist ideologies, sectarianism and discriminatory attitudes towards, inter alia, those with different views, minorities, indigenous peoples and women, which often lead to cultural cleansing in the form of cultural heritage destruction, while ensuring that critical strategies in this regard include humanist education, respect for human rights and promotion of tolerance and pluralism; (q) heritage, heritage, national 16-13742 Adopt a fully gender-sensitive approach to the protection of cultural including by recognizing the work of women defenders of cultural promoting inclusion of women cultural heritage experts in relevant and international forums and institutions, and addressing the 23/24