A/HRC/60/66 intelligence. States should also invest in capacity-building of Indigenous Peoples with regard to data. 10. States should support the development of Indigenous-led data repositories that maintain Indigenous-sourced data for future applications. Indigenous Peoples should be encouraged to build and supported in building their own information systems and archives that allow for the preservation of a memory free from the biases that the archives of former colonial Powers have given to the documents preserved in respect of them. States, and public and private entities, including museums, archives and universities, should repatriate and ensure access to previously acquired Indigenous data. 11. States and private companies should recognize the sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples over data that are about them or collected from them and that pertain to Indigenous Peoples, knowledge systems, customs or territories, with a focus on Indigenous leadership and mechanisms of accountability. 12. States should recognize and protect Indigenous data sovereignty through bespoke laws, policies and frameworks. Indigenous data sovereignty requires Indigenous Peoples to be in control of their data on their own terms, according to their own cultural protocols and priorities. There should be an intentional focus on opportunities for creating data infrastructure, technologies and capacities that enable Indigenous Peoples to actively protect and derive benefit from their data, in particular with regard to traditional knowledge and culturally sensitive data. 13. States and private sector and civil society actors that collect, hold or process Indigenous data should recognize and give effect to Indigenous data governance, including in matters related to data collection and disaggregation by identity and gender, data privacy and protection, data access, use and reuse, individual and collective consent, data classification, metadata and data repatriation. This includes the use of data-by-data technologies, including deductive and generative artificial intelligence systems. 14. Indigenous women’s sovereignty and governance of their data are critical, due to the unique barriers that they face. Their full participation must also expand across the full cycle, from data generation to interpretation to dissemination. States should collect gender-sensitive data to address violence against Indigenous women and girls. 15. The private sector should promote document management and archiving policies for the handling of all documents and data generated in the consultation process for obtaining the consent of Indigenous Peoples whenever development projects are to be carried out on their lands. 16. States, civil society and private sector actors should recognize and implement the Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, Ethics (CARE) Principles for Indigenous Data Governance as a normative framework to ensure that all data-related activities involving Indigenous Peoples align with their rights, world views and governance structures. In contexts where Indigenous data governance frameworks are not yet established, the CARE Principles provide a foundational baseline for ethical engagement, participatory governance and cultural respect in data practices. 17. Where Indigenous data governance frameworks and guidelines already exist, States, corporations and civil society should move to implement them. 18. States, Indigenous Peoples and civil society organizations are encouraged to use and to contribute to the Indigenous Navigator framework and other tools to strengthen the community-based monitoring of global commitments made under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, at the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples and under the Sustainable Development Goals. 19. States and non-State actors should protect the privacy of digital communications and the enjoyment of the right to privacy by all individuals and ensure that restrictions on the right to privacy do not discriminate on the basis of Indigenous identity. 18 GE.25-12012