A/HRC/25/58/Add.2
18.
Persons belonging to religious minorities reported that they can generally practice
their religion freely without facing unreasonable obstacles from the administration or within
their social environment. The construction or renovation of churches or other religious
buildings is usually undertaken without undue bureaucratic stipulations, and people can
manifest their beliefs visibly and audibly, for instance, by wearing (or by choosing not to
wear) religious garments, holding public processions, performing rituals or pronouncing
prayers. Moreover, members of minorities generally do not suffer from discrimination in
the labour market, at their workplace, in hospitals or in the housing market.
19.
Remarkably, the above rather positive assessment was largely shared by members of
minority communities that have not received recognition as religious communities, such as
followers of certain Christian denominations (for example, Baptists) or members of the
post-Islamic Baha’i community. Although facing some serious problems due to the of
formal recognition (see paragraphs 23 to 28 below), the adherents of these groups spoke
quite positively about living in Jordan. Apart from specific issues of concern, these
individuals can generally live like other Jordanians, with whom they by and large enjoy
good relations.
20.
As a general caveat, the Special Rapporteur would like to mention that most of the
discussions he held during the visit took place in Amman. The atmosphere experienced
there may be typical for the urban areas of Jordan where the majority of Jordanians live.
The Special Rapporteur did not, however, gain first-hand experience of the situation in
remote rural areas. He was informed that, in such rural areas in which conservative tribal
traditions continue to permeate and shape all aspects of social interaction, the climate may
be very different and much less tolerant. Moreover, in regions in which Christians do not
traditionally reside, they reportedly may be perceived as not really fitting into an Arab
society.
21.
Another caveat concerns the impact of social and economic factors, whose
significance for understanding the dynamics between different religious groups or attitudes
needs to be explored systematically. The Special Rapporteur was not able to check or verify
conjectures disclosed to him by a number of interlocutors that the impoverished strata of
the population are particularly vulnerable to increasing radical religious influence. The
assumption that social and economic factors should be taken into account for a more
comprehensive picture of the situation of freedom of religion or belief seems generally
plausible.
IV. Recognition and registration issues
22.
While article 2 of the Constitution of Jordan accords Islam an elevated status as the
official religion of the State, Christian denominations are also recognized by the State. Such
recognition implies a number of practical privileges, including tax exemption and financial
subsidies, as well as the possibility of deciding legal matters concerning personal status in
their own ecclesiastical tribunals, largely on the basis of their respective canon laws.
Recognized religious communities include the Greek Orthodox Church, the Roman
Catholic Church (“Latins”), Greek Catholics (“Melkites”), the Maronite Church, the
Anglican Church, the Syrian Orthodox Church and the Seventh-day Adventists.
23.
Some non-recognized Christian denominations, such as the Baptists or the
Pentacostalists, have registered under the law of immovable property, which gives them a
status largely comparable to registered associations. Although having the status as a
collective legal personality, which is important for organizing community matters in a
sustainable manner, they understandably feel disadvantaged when compared with officially
recognized churches. Besides the symbolic impact of unequal status, practical problems
8