back on their own resources. This can result in the development of shadow economies and the prospering of organised crime, with all their implications for security. By contrast, in an equitable and integrated economy, minorities are encouraged to use their comparative advantages including linguistic competencies and cultural ties with neighbouring countries. Such cross-border connections can be used not only to the advantage of minorities, but can also lead to improved bilateral relations, and regional stability. From a conflict prevention perspective, it is essential to ensure a level playing field, where members of all groups can compete on equal terms. A recurrent theme in most of the interventions during this Forum is the need for an effective non-discrimination policy and legal framework. Furthermore, as we have also heard from several contributions, for such a policy to be effective, legislation by itself is not enough. At a minimum, we need robust and pro-active institutions which investigate and address systemic inequalities. These institutions also need to raise awareness among majorities and minorities alike on how to identify and overcome discrimination. However, having a non-discrimination policy is not enough. Usually, as outlined in this morning’s session, it takes positive measures to redress economic disparities between groups. Such measures are necessary to decrease inequitable distribution of resources and unequal opportunities. Several of such measures have been suggested yesterday and today, ranging from decision-making processes to education policy, social assistance and recruitment. While their design and scope depends on the