A/HRC/57/62 was established jointly by Indigenous Peoples and governments. Indigenous Peoples participated fully from the outset. In June 2015, the Commission announced the release of its summary report which included 94 calls to action. They were intended to form the blueprint for reconciliation in the future and called upon all levels of government – federal, provincial, territorial and municipal – to make fundamental changes in policies and programmes in order to repair the harm caused by residential schools. In total, 12 of the 94 calls to action specifically referenced implementing the Declaration. By tying itself and the concept of reconciliation directly and intrinsically to the Declaration, the Commission challenged all levels of Canadian government and society to throw off the legacy of colonialism and fully implement the Declaration. 75. In Finland and Sweden, truth and reconciliation commissions have been established and their work is currently under way. The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Norway, issued in June 2023, contains a set of recommendations that revolve around five main pillars on which the reconciliation process must be based: knowledge and communication, language, culture, prevention of conflicts and implementation of regulations. The Commission suggests follow-up on how to bring Norwegian legislation into accordance with international obligations concerning land rights, among others. As a result, coordination actions among Sami Peoples have taken place in order to ensure implementation of the recommendations.102 76. The Waitangi Tribunal in New Zealand is a standing commission of inquiry that makes recommendations on claims brought by Māori relating to legislation, policies, actions, inactions or omissions of the Crown that are alleged to breach the Treaty of Waitangi. In its final report (WAI 2417), the Tribunal devoted a preliminary chapter to the Treaty and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It includes recognition of the Declaration’s “significant normative weight” and justifications for interpreting Treaty principles in accordance with the Declaration.103 However, the new Government reportedly intends to review the role of the Waitangi Tribunal.104 H. Measures taken to uphold the rights of Indigenous Peoples in international forums and mechanisms 77. The adoption of the Declaration has allowed for changes to take place at the global level. It paved the way for direct participation by Indigenous Peoples in the different processes that are dealing with issues relevant to them. It should be noted that even before the Declaration was adopted in 2007, international bodies were increasingly recognizing the need to include Indigenous Peoples in those processes.105 They include both thematic forums, such as meetings concerning the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and human rights bodies. In relation to the jurisprudence of the United Nations human rights treaty bodies, numerous recommendations and observations have come from various bodies, including the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, the Human Rights Committee and the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 78. In 2018, Ibero-American States and Indigenous Peoples developed the Ibero-American Action Plan for the Implementation of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It promotes common objectives and coordinates programming between national authorities and Indigenous Peoples, with the participation of Indigenous women and youth, and with regional and global bodies present in the region.106 79. Indigenous Peoples participated in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit) and have taken part in the Conferences of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for many years. In 2000, Indigenous Peoples were formally recognized as a constituency and the International 102 103 104 105 106 16 Presentation by Eirik Larsen at the expert meeting, November 2023. Submission from New Zealand Human Rights Commission, November 2023. Submission from New Zealand Human Rights Commission, January 2024. Presentation by Minnie Degawan at the expert meeting, November 2023. Submission from Spain (in Spanish). GE.24-13517