A/77/290 to, and enjoy economic, social, cultural and political development, in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized. 12. There is a strong link between sustainable development and the right to development. The 2030 Agenda reaffirms all the principles of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, including principle 3, which states, “The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations. The Expert Mec hanism on the Right to Development affirmed in a thematic study that “operationalizing the right to development should constitute the basis for realizing the Sustainable Development Goals” (A/HRC/48/63, para. 9). In General Assembly resolution 75/182 and Human Rights Council resolution 45/6, respectively, the Assembly and the Council emphasized that the right to development was vital for the full realization of the 2030 Agenda and should be central to its implementation. 13. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples also contains important references to development, based on their r ight to selfdetermination, recognized in article 3. The Declaration recognizes that indigenous peoples must have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for exercising their right to development (art. 23) and that States must obtain t heir free and informed consent prior to any project that affects them or their lands or territories and other resources (art. 32.2). The Declaration recognizes that respect for indigenous knowledge, cultures and traditional practices contributes to sustain able and equitable development and proper management of the environment. 14. The issue, however, goes far beyond indigenous peoples’ matters. In several resolutions, the General Assembly has repeatedly made the link, in general terms, between development and cultural rights 7 and has acknowledged the role of culture as an enabler and a driver of sustainable development. Most recently, in its resolution 76/214, the Assembly recognized that culture is an essential component of human development, that it represents a source of identity, innovation and creativity for the individual and the community and that it is an important factor in social inclusion and poverty eradication, providing for sustainable economic growth and ownership of development processes. 15. The 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (art. 2.5) and its operational guidelines refer to the complementarity between the economic and cultural aspect s of development and to cultural diversity as an essential requirement for sustainable development. Article 13 calls for the integration of culture in development policies at all levels in order to create conditions conducive to sustainable development, ma king it one of the most binding commitments on the matter. 8 III. Sustainable development: the concept A. Evolution of the concept 16. The term “sustainable development” is rooted in environmental considerations. It was first articulated in the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission), entitled “Our Common Future”, as meeting “the needs of the present without compromising the a bility of future generations to meet their own needs” (A/42/427, annex). __________________ 7 8 6/24 General Assembly resolutions 65/166, 66/208, 68/223, 69/230, 70/214, 72/229 and 74/230. Contribution of Véronique Guèvremont, p. 3. 22-12659