1.3 WHAT STEPS CAN UNDP TAKE TO RESPOND TO MINORITY ISSUES?  Understand the context and power dynamics:       There is no one-size-fits all approach to minority issues. Each country presents a unique set of historical and contemporary power dynamics that create different conditions and opportunities for addressing the marginalisation of minorities. Overcoming the marginalisation of minorities usually means addressing existing inequalities in power and entrenched structures of discrimination. It is important to highlight the negative impact that inequality has upon overall development and to support those in power to make changes that enable the full participation of even the most excluded in society. Identify appropriate entry points for work on minority issues:   The economic, social and political status of minorities may differ between and within minority groups. Groups that are economically well off might still be politically excluded and discriminated against. Minority women are often more marginalised than minority men. Collect disaggregated data on the human development of minority groups to help identify those that are the most marginalised; build a relationship with national statistical offices to determine what information is available and where support is needed to improve data collection. (see Tool 4) Conduct a mapping and analysis exercise to determine: the situation of each marginalised minority group; the impact on minorities of marginalisation and exclusion (e.g. the impact on cultural or religious life); the root causes of inequality and exclusion; and the existence and nature of CSOs that articulate the concerns of minorities. (see Tools 1-3) Review the national legislative and policy framework for the protection of minorities. Build a relationship with any statutory body focused on minorities, non-discrimination and/or with the National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) to learn more about the situation of minorities and their rights.   The concept of ‘minority’ may not be widely used in public discourse. Therefore, it may be necessary to use a different name for the target group as a starting point. Identify terms that may be most familiar to governments in working with these communities – for example, ‘socially excluded’, ‘needy families’, ‘groups left behind’ or the local names of the particular communities without the prefix of ‘minority’. Not all governments will recognize the correlation between minority identities and inequality. Attention to overcoming the factors that cause marginalisation might be the most constructive starting point for engagement. It is important to note there are often particular causes for the marginalisation of minorities, including discrimination or cultural differences, which could be taken into consideration. Make a clear case for the economic, social and political benefits of minority inclusion. Government partners may be encouraged to better understand how strategies for the inclusion of minorities will improve human development, inclusive growth and promote stability. A focus on non-discrimination and participation will be beneficial to all minorities. Measures to improve the implementation of laws against discrimination and supporting minorities to participate in decision-making that affects them will go a long way towards reducing inequality and achieving inclusive growth. Chapter 1: Minorities in Development:Making the Argument 3