A/62/280 Interim report of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief Summary The Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief submits the present report to the General Assembly pursuant to its resolution 61/161. The report gives an overview of the activities carried out under the mandate since the submission of her previous report to the Assembly (A/61/340), including the evolution of communications, recent country visits and thematic reports as well as her participation in conferences and meetings. Furthermore, the report discusses two substantive issues which have been raised in the context of the Special Rapporteur’s activities. Firstly, communications sent by the mandate concerning the situation of refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons show that these individuals are in a situation of vulnerability which may also have a link to their freedom of religion or belief. Subsequently, the legal and interpretative frameworks for refugee claims are briefly outlined. Secondly, atheists and non-theists made the Special Rapporteur aware of their concerns relating to blasphemy laws, education issues, equality legislation as well as official consultations only held with religious representatives. The Special Rapporteur reiterates that the right to freedom of religion or belief applies equally to theistic and non-theistic as well as atheistic beliefs and that the right not to profess any religion or belief is also protected. Finally, the present report sets out a number of conclusions and recommendations. The Special Rapporteur emphasizes the importance of determining the appropriate role of Governments in promoting freedom of religion or belief and in challenging intolerance or discrimination in society. According to the experience of the mandate, wise and balanced decision-making at all governmental levels and cautious legislation as well as an independent and non-arbitrary judiciary are crucial for addressing the delicate issues involved in freedom of religion or belief. Furthermore, States should devise proactive strategies in order to prevent violations of this fundamental human right. 2 07-48490