CRC/C/VNM/CO/3-4 adopt and implement the programme on the universalization of kindergarten education for children under 5 for 2010-2015; (b) Ensure that education is de facto free of charge for all, and pay particular attention to the most vulnerable groups of children, including children from ethnic minority groups and migrant children. In doing so, inter alia, remove all indirect expenses and introduce educational support mechanisms for children from economically disadvantaged families; (c) In line with its previous recommendation (CRC/C/15/Add.200, para. 48 (a)), take all appropriate measures to increase access to schools, in particular for girls and in rural areas, with a view to providing equal access to education to all groups of children, and ensure the right to quality education for all children; (d) Take effective affirmative action, such as the provision of second-chance educational programmes, targeting children belonging to ethnic minorities and children living in rural areas, in order to close ethnic and geographical disparities in school dropout rates; (e) Embark on an adequately resourced policy to support bilingual education for ethnic minority groups which establishes the minority language as the medium of instruction at the early school level and which is aimed at ensuring the proficiency of ethnic minority children in both languages, so as to enable them to fully take part in the wider society; intensify the provision of training and instructions for teachers who speak ethnic minority languages; and finance sufficiently the issuance of quality school textbooks for children who belong to ethnic minorities and invite the local teachers to participate in writing the content of textbooks; (f) Establish an effective system for the monitoring of boarding schools for ethnic minorities, including regular inspections, and investigate all child abuse cases; (g) Enable teachers to engage in quality teaching by paying them reasonable salaries. A thorough reform of the curricula and pedagogical methods should be undertaken, involving professional experts in education. The inclusion of human rights, and in particular children’s rights, should be ensured in the school curriculum; (h) Education. H. Consider ratifying the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Special protection measures (arts. 22, 30, 38, 39, 40, 37 (b)-(d), 32-36 of the Convention) Economic exploitation, particularly child labour 69. The Committee is highly concerned that child labour remains widespread in the State party, in particular in the informal sector; that the minimum age for labour remains relatively low (12 years for light work); that labour inspections outreach is limited; and that child inmates in drug detention centres are obliged to work and thus subject to forced labour. 70. The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Take immediate and effective measures to eliminate child labour in unacceptable conditions, including at an early age and under dangerous conditions; (b) Implement effective measures to address the deep-rooted socioeconomic factors that push children into the workforce, in particular to increase the school 18