E/CN.4/1989/44 page 58 democratic institutions, within which the individual can freely express and manifest his beliefs and convictions within the limits set out by the law, without risk of harassment, and the implementation of socio-economic measures to reduce inequalities and, as far as possible, to remove at the root sources of interdenominational friction and tensions. Apart from these indispensable measures of a qeneral nature, success in eliminating intolerance and discrimination on the qrounds of religion or belief also depends on the implementation of a set of more specific measures and activities which at one and the same time must be directed at prevention, protection and promotion, both in the short and in the lonq term. The Special Rapporteur already recommended a number of measures in his earlier reports (E/CN.4/1987/35, paras. 96-108 and E/CN.4/1988/45, paras. 66-74). These measures are still necessary and he would like to add to them the followinq recommendations: (a) The proposal to preoare new international norms on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on reliqion or belief should be kept under consideration. The recommendation of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities to the Commission on Human Riqhts that it should establish a pre-sessional working group immediately after the mandate of the Workinq Group to draft a convention on the riqhts of the child has come to an end, is along similar lines. In this context it would, however, be useful to first take into account the comments which the Sub-Commission is to submit to the Commission on the issues and factors to be studied before beginning work on the preparation of a new instrument on this subject; (b) States which have not already done so should ratify the relevant international instruments, in particular the International Covenants on Human Rights and the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and make provision, in accordance with the norms laid down by those instruments, for the necessary constitutional and legal guarantees for freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief, including effective remedies in the event of intolerance or discrimination based on religion or belief; (c) Advantage should be taken of the advisory services made available by the United Nations in the field of human riqhts as follows: (i) Provision of expert advisory services to countries which express the desire to have them for the drafting of new legislative provisions or the adaptation of existing legislation in conformity with the principles set out by the 1981 Declaration; for the establishment of machinery for the promotion and protection of human rights, particularly in respect of freedom of religion and belief, such as national commissions, the institution of the ombudsman or reconciliation commissions; or for the inclusion in school curricula of teaching of the ideals of tolerance, understanding and mutual respect among all religious groups;