E/CN.4/1992/52
page 19
It has also been reported that, according to Law No. 25 of 1920,
Law No. 52 from 1929 and Law No. 77 from 1943, if a man becomes a non-Muslim,
he must divorce his wife, whether of his own will or by order of court. In
addition, a person converting from Islam to another religion allegedly loses
all inheritance rights from all Muslim relatives - parents, brothers, wife or
children - and cannot receive any inheritance from a Muslim. The person
reportedly also loses custody of children who are not of age. It has been
alleged that if Islamic law is applied, the punishment for converting from
Islam to another religion is the death sentence.
It has also been alleged that no one can preach a religion other than
Islam in public. The police would reportedly also prevent a person from
making public statements of this kind and would arrest them in accordance with
security police measures. According to the sources, persons who have converted
to another religion from Islam either have to repent and convert back to Islam
in order to continue living in Egypt or leave the country in order to avoid
problems for themselves and their families.
Situation of the Coptic community
According to the information received, on 22 June 1991, a group of Muslim
fundamentalists murdered Father Marcus Khahl Fanous, the eighty-year-old
priest of Mosha village in the province of Asyut in Upper Egypt, who had been
celebrating the first day of the Aiadha (sacrifice) feast.
It has further been alleged that on 16 June 1991, the Government ordered
Security Forces to surround the Coptic church in Alasafra district, Alexandria,
and expel the worshippers while they were praying. It has also been reported
that on the same day, security forces stormed another Coptic church in Ibrahim
Basha village near the city of Samalout in Mynia province, Upper Egypt. They
allegedly destroyed the church, hurled the priest to the floor and kicked him
and terrorized the worshippers. All religious books and icons are said to
have been thrown to the floor.
According to the sources, presidential decrees are required to build or
repair churches. As an example, presidential decree No. 157 was cited, which
had been issued in June 1991 to repair the toilet and storage rooms of the
church in Mait-Barra village in the province of Mounifia. It has been alleged
that similar decrees are not required to build or repair mosques. It has also
been reported that more than 200 applications to repair churches and build new
ones have not been acted upon. This has resulted in the closing of a number
of churches which have deteriorated and are dangerous to enter. It has also
been alleged that the Coptic community is not allowed to build churches in
newly developed towns and cities."
El Salvador
33. In a communication addressed to the Government of El Salvador
on 6 November 1990 (E/CN.4/1991/56, para 6 0 ) , the Special Rapporteur
transmitted the following information:
"With the declaration of the state of siege (November 1989), many reports
indicate disturbing violations of the human rights of religious leaders or of
helpers of the country's churches. According to the complaints, large numbers