E/CN.4/1992/52 page 141 '2. Equality Before the Law and the Prohibition of Discrimination All are equal before the law; there will be no discriminating between man and woman. There will be no discriminating on the basis of religion, race, nationality, ethnic group, country of origin, or any other basis.' 6. The most effective remedy available to a citizen of Israel against discrimination based on religion or belief is recourse to the courts of the State which uphold the laws and affirm the State's fundamental commitment to the prohibition of discrimination based on religion or belief. For example the High Court of Justice has upheld these principles and declared that under the general guarantees of freedom of association non-recognized religious communities are free to organize themselves and fulfil their religious needs. The Court decreed that a municipality's refusal to rent a public building to a non-recognized religious community for the purpose of prayer was an illegal, discriminatory measure which violated the principle of religion (H.C.J. 262/62, 16 P.D. 2101)." Lyxerobûurg "At the judicial levels any dispute concerned with civil rights is a matter for the judicial courts. Any victim of discrimination based on religion or belief brings his case before one of the Luxembourg circuit courts. At the administrative level; any person injured by an individual administrative decision may appeal to the Litigation Committee of the Council of State to have it annulled. An appeal for annulment is possible against any individual administrative decision for which there is no other remedy under the laws and regulations." "In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, there are no cases of intolerance or discrimination based on religion or belief in Panama." Portugal "At the present time Portugal is witnessing the establishment of various religious associations of the greatest variety of denominations. Through the comparison of religious denominations, the principle of equality requires a constant effort of practical assessment as an essential guide for the treatment to be given to each one. Portugal pays particular attention to this requirement of justice: it would be possible to mention situations where the principle of equality has been violated, because of the different treatiuent given the Catholic Church.