A/HRC/55/44 Contents Page 2 I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 II. International law context and recent developments ...................................................................... 3 III. Right to participate in science as an element of the right to participate in cultural life ................. 6 IV. Defining participation in science ................................................................................................... 9 V. Limits of the right to access to and participation in science .......................................................... 15 VI. Obstacles and challenges to participation in science ..................................................................... 16 VII. Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................... 20 GE.24-01813