A/HRC/17/40 to the audience they reach and the moral authority they carry, politicians are urged to avoid the stigmatization of Roma in their statements and political debates, and to firmly condemn any racist or xenophobic action or discourse against Roma. 80. The Special Rapporteur recommends that States avoid portraying the situation of Roma migrants as an issue of public security and refrain from implementing security policies targeting Roma migrants in violation of international human rights standards and which lead to their collective expulsions. He calls upon States to respect the rights of Roma migrants as guaranteed by the relevant regional and international human rights instruments. 81. States are urged to adopt appropriate measures to ensure that Roma, including Roma women, participate effectively in the design, decision-making, implementation, and evaluation processes of the policies that affect them. States are also encouraged to strengthen and better coordinate their implementation efforts at the national and local levels, and to allocate the requisite resources in this regard. Regular assessment of the measures taken, including through the collection of ethnically disaggregated data, is also recommended. Such a collection must be done in consultation with Roma and in accordance with international human rights standards. Finally, appropriate mechanisms of dialogue between Roma and local authorities should be established to ensure appropriate implementation of the policies and legislation applying to Roma at the local level. 82. To address the root causes of racism and racial discrimination against Roma within society and build a society based on tolerance, respect for cultural diversity and non-discrimination, the Special Rapporteur strongly recommends that States invest in education. In this regard he recommends in particular the teaching in school of the history of Roma, including the genocide they suffered during the Nazi regime. Awareness-raising measures to inform and sensitize non-Roma populations about the Roma history, identity and culture should complement education efforts. 83. Racial discrimination and racism within State institutions is a reality that States should not deny. In this regard it is important to ensure that their legal framework and the attitudes of their agents comply with their international human rights obligations. Therefore, States should ensure that their legal framework is consistent with international human rights standards, including the Convention, the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, and the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference. They should also provide mandatory human rights trainings focusing on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance to States officials, and take measures to ensure that the composition of State institutions and the public administration reflects the multicultural diversity of their population. Special measures to promote the employment of Roma in the public administration and institutions at all levels should be taken in this regard. 84. To conclude, the Special Rapporteur would like to recall the importance of cooperating with civil society and international and regional human rights institutions to effectively eliminate discrimination against Roma. Discrimination based on work and descent, including discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 85. The Special Rapporteur encountered difficulties in researching for the present report, particularly in the area of discrimination based on work and descent, including discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status. These difficulties included the paucity of sources and lack of recent public 21