E/CN.4/2003/90/Add.3 page 15 into pastures, and mining. The resistance of the Subanon led to serious conflict, violence and human rights violations of the indigenous communities involving the Philippine Army, which led to attempts at negotiating the differences between the parties. At the present time, the Subanon people demand “the full recognition of their ancestral land rights … that will allow them to contribute to the process of defining a development … that is people-centred”.18 33. The Subanon people in Sitio Canatuan, Siocon, Zamboanga del Norte in Mindanao have also complained of various human rights violations associated with the operations of TVI Pacific, a Canadian mining company. A Mineral Production Sharing Agreement, signed between the company and the Government of the Philippines, covers around 508 hectares within the 6,500-hectare area of the Certificate of Ancestral Domains Claim acquired by the Subanon people. It has been reported that the company’s presence on their ancestral land has caused militarization and acts of violence, by the company’s security guards and other armed units, such as rape, the establishment of checkpoints and the maintenance of blockades, barring of food and essential commodities, blocking health services and religious practices, desecration of the sacred sites and breaking the ritual requirements of the sacred ground. They further allege that the presence of TVI Pacific has led to the destruction of hunting grounds and herbal medicine areas, the disruption of education and divisions between indigenous peoples. 34. Elsewhere, a mining license was granted to the Western Mining Corporation (WMCP) for areas that cover the territory of the community of B’laan, particularly the Bong Banwu Salnaong, where ancestral domains claims have been made. As a result of this mining operation, it was reported that the B’laan were deprived of their right to determine their own economic, social and cultural development and their property was disposed of. No genuine consent was given by the indigenous peoples. They argue that their leaders were tricked by the authorities into signing agreements which they could not fully understand and which have not benefited them. 35. Community leaders who are reluctant to sign their support for mining may also be intimidated. A Mamanwa leader in Surigao del Norte reported that he had signed a document because he feared under repeated company and local government pressure that if he did not sign he might be killed. The document was written only in English. The leader could not read the document or understand its content in English, but made his mark on the document anyway. He was only later able to learn that it gave agreement to company entry.19 • In Nueva Vizcaya, a Financial and Technical Assistance Agreement was signed with the Climay-Arimco Mining Corporation (CAMC) in 1994. As a result, CAMC was given the right to exploit the Barangay Didipio area, largely inhabited by the Ifugao people. It was reported that there was neither consultation nor consent. The economic and environmental impact of the mining project will affect farming, which is expected to suffer or disappear as the source of income of local residents. Their water supply will become polluted, and the surface topography as well as the flora and fauna will be altered.