The international community has recognized these challenges and has put at the disposal of minorities several instruments and mechanisms to ensure their international and national protection. However, as societies evolve, it is vital for these instruments and mechanisms to be continuously re-examined, evaluated and adjusted where necessary to ensure that they allow for effective participation. Commentary on the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities in cultural, social and economic life and public affairs (ACFC/31DOC(2008)001, paras. 18 and 19). 13

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