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Governing Body of the International Labour Organization (ILO). Some unions have joined in
national campaigns for the ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of the
Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, in the realization that it is a key
instrument in efforts to combat discrimination against this group.
32.
The Special Rapporteur notes that some Governments have found it necessary to protect
their emigrants from discrimination not only on the part of the authorities or employers in host
countries, but also by officials in their own diplomatic or consular missions. Addendum 4 to this
report describes an inter-agency cooperation agreement between the Peruvian Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and the Office of the Ombudsman, allowing the latter, at the request of Peru’s
consular offices and in coordination with the Ombudsman’s counterparts in the host country, to
cooperate with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs when Peruvian emigrants are in need of
humanitarian and/or legal assistance. For its part, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs undertakes to
place letter boxes in consular offices to enable complaints and allegations to be addressed
directly to the Office of the Ombudsman; in this way the Office obtains first-hand accounts of
incidents of discrimination either occurring in Peru’s missions or occasioned by the authorities of
the host country (E/CN.4/2005/85/Add.4).
33.
In her reports, the Special Rapporteur has listed a series of best practices in combating
discrimination, racism and xenophobia through consular advisory and protection services.
During her visit to the Philippines in May 2002, she learned of a social service package that
provides counselling and medical and legal services to Filipinos abroad. The Philippines has
signed agreements with Governments and NGOs in host countries with a view to improving
support for Filipinos in distress. Also, its embassies in those countries issue advisories on labour
and employment conditions there (E/CN.4/2003/85/Add.4). The Special Rapporteur has also
gathered information on similar initiatives undertaken in the framework of consultative processes
on migration management, most notably the establishment of a Central American consulate in
Veracruz, Mexico. The brainchild of the Regional Conference on Migration, this project
channels resources for assistance and protection of immigrants from the countries of the region
(A/58/275, para. 60). Another example is provided by Mexican consulates in the United States,
which have issued nearly 1 million consular identification cards since March 2002 to Mexicans
resident in the United States. With these cards, the Mexicans can obtain driving licences and
gain access to banking services to send remittances home. The consular identification card is
accepted in more than 30 states and 160 banks in the United States.
34.
The Special Rapporteur has also collected examples of discrimination against migrants in
access to the labour market and in home purchase or rental. She has reported cases of indirect
discrimination in education where drop-out rates for immigrants are higher than the rates for the
country as a whole (E/CN.4/2005/85/Add.3). Policies on social integration for immigrants
should be thoroughly reviewed from a human rights perspective, for there are large numbers of
immigrants who would like to obtain permanent residence. The Special Rapporteur advocates
the development of multicultural patterns of social integration for immigrant minorities, patterns
that mitigate exclusion and can stand as alternatives to those forms of integration that attempt to
impose certain behavioural norms and promote an increasingly dubious social homogeneity.
Compulsory integration programmes designed for residents wishing to settle permanently in the
host country may raise discrimination issues if, for example, the selection criteria are based on
immigrants’ place of birth.8