16
education level as a subject, preferably by bilingual teachers who have a good understanding of
the children's cultural and linguistic background.
3. Secondary, tertiary and vocational education shall be taught mainly or through a substantial
part of the curriculum through the medium of the minority language based on a sliding-scale
model. Where persons belonging to a national or ethnic, religious or belief and linguistic
minority are present in a locality or region and represent a substantial part or majority of the
population, their numerical strength may justify a proportional response requiring state
secondary, tertiary and vocational institutions teaching and functioning in the minority language,
with the State or official language taught as a subject on a regular basis.
4. States Parties shall in relation to admission exams, entrance or similar requirements to public
universities and other tertiary or vocational educational institutions take account of the use of
minority languages as a medium of instruction in the educational system. States Parties shall
have in place exams, entrance or similar requirements in minority languages or, when this is not
feasible, some other arrangement to accommodate minorities so that they are not unreasonably
disadvantaged or excluded disproportionately from access to higher education on the basis of
language.
5. States Parties shall ensure appropriate curriculum development and teacher training
responsive to minority needs and interests. These include:
(a) Curriculum development which includes pedagogical material in minority languages for
use in classrooms for all levels of teaching and subject matters to be taught in these
languages. This material should be culturally appropriate and reflect the positive cultural
and historical contributions of minorities.
(b) Teacher training and employment should be directed towards recruitment of native
minority language-speaking teachers, with fluency in the minority language to be used
in education a consideration in teaching assignments, in order to achieve the objectives
of a teacher workforce reflecting the diversity of a State.
6. State Parties shall develop national curriculum in consultation with minority communities to
ensure that historical and other narratives are accurate, and that any prejudicial or discriminatory
content against a group is removed and histories, cultures and traditions of minorities are
mainstreamed.
7. States Parties shall ensure the support, development and distribution of teaching materials,
such as textbooks and similar sorts of materials for teaching in minority languages.
8. Consistently with each State’s existing system of religious or belief instruction, every person
belonging to a religious or belief minority has the right to receive information and acquire
knowledge about the religion or belief associated with that minority, as well as other religions
or beliefs. Conversely, persons from the religious or belief majority in a country have the right
to receive information about the religions or beliefs held by minorities.
Article 53
1. Persons belonging to a minority shall have the right to establish and manage their own,
including faith-based, private schools, educational and training establishments. This includes all
levels of education, from pre-school, kindergarten, technical and professional colleges and
tertiary institutions. States Parties may not hinder the enjoyment of this right by imposing
unduly burdensome legal and administrative requirements regulating the establishment and