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Article 21
1. Private entities such as non-governmental organisations, cultural associations and business
enterprises established by persons belonging to linguistic minorities shall enjoy the right to have
the name or appellation of the entity or enterprise in a minority language, and to official
recognition of these.
2. Such organisations, associations and enterprises also have the right to use their language in
signage and other communications with the public, and in the provision of services to those
who wish to use the language in their dealings with them.
Article 22
Where territorial autonomy and other special administrative districts are established to ensure
the protection of minority communities, decentralised competencies to the territorial entity
should include education, culture and language, as well as economic and regional development,
the provision of social services, and where appropriate the authority to enter bilateral
agreements in areas of competencies.
Article 23
States Parties undertake to draw or redraw their administrative and local/regional government
districts in such a way as to maximise the ability to deliver other rights such as language rights
to as many members of minorities as possible.
Article 24
1. State authorities shall adopt appropriate measures, including policies for recruitment,
employment and training, to ensure civil servants and other officials can provide
communications, digital tools and other services in the minority language in regions or territories
where persons belonging to linguistic minorities are present in significant numbers or
percentage.
2. In application of the prohibition of discrimination in the civil service, State authorities shall
develop and put in place programmes seeking to achieve, as much as possible, a proportional
representation of minority individuals in the civil service, including military, police, and the
judiciary, particularly in regions where minorities are concentrated.
Article 25
In the regions or territories in which significant numbers or percentage of a linguistic minority
reside, persons and private organisations shall have the right to publicly display in the minority
language local names, signs, inscriptions and other similar information. This does not exclude
the required and reasonable use of the official language(s) of the State.
Article 26
State Parties undertake to eliminate any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference relating
to the use of a minority language and intended to discourage or endanger the maintenance or
development of it. The adoption of reasonable and proportionate measures in favour of
minority languages aimed at promoting equality between the users of these languages and the